“…The resulting representation of the molecular interaction has been incorporated into models of various phenomena, such as phase transitions in ferroelectric materials (Ginzburg 1960), spinodal decomposition (Cahn 1961;Lowengrub & Truskinovsky 1998), growth of, and oscillations in, crystals (Collins & Levine 1985;Tang, Carter & Cannon 2006;Heinonen et al 2016;Philippe, Henry & Plapp 2020), solidification of alloys (Stinner, Nestler & Garcke 2004;Nestler, Garcke & Stinner 2005), phase separation in polymer blends (Thiele, Madruga & Frastia 2007;Madruga & Thiele 2009), electrowetting (Lu et al 2007), contact lines (Jacqmin 2000;Pismen & Pomeau 2000;Ding & Spelt 2007;Yue, Zhou & Feng 2010;Yue & Feng 2011;Sibley et al 2014;Ding et al 2017;Borcia et al 2019), contact lines in liquids with surfactants (Zhu et al 2019(Zhu et al , 2020, Faraday instability (Borcia & Bestehorn 2014;Bestehorn et al 2021), Rayleigh-Taylor instability (Zanella et al 2020(Zanella et al , 2021, cavitation (Petitpas et al 2009), nucleation and collapse of bubbles (Magaletti, Marino & Casciola 2015;Magaletti et al 2016;Gallo, Magaletti & Casciola 2018;Gallo et al 2020), capillary condensation (Pomeau 1986;Benilov 2022a), liquid films (Benilov 2020c(Benilov , 2022a, tumor growth (Frigeri, Grasselli & Rocca 2015;<...…”