Far-UVC light: A new tool to control the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases

Welch, David; Grilj, Veljko; Shuryak, Igor; Crickmore, Connor; Bigelow, Alan W.; Randers-Pehrson, Gerhard; Johnson, Gary W.; Brenner, David J.

doi:10.1101/240408

Cited by 71 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Previous reports showed that a low dose of 222-nm UV inactivated several viruses, although the treated viruses were aerosolized; 2 mJ/cm 2 of 222-nm UV inactivated >95% of H1N1 aerosolized influenza virus. 14 In addition, 1.7 and 1.2 mJ/cm 2 of 222-nm UV inactivated 99.9% of aerosolized human coronaviruses alpha HCoV-229E and beta HCoV-OC43, respectively. 15 Previous report showed that the viral titer of SARS-CoV-2 was reduced on a plastic plate over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The lamp contains an optical filter that removes essentially all but the dominant 222-nm emission wavelength. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For 222-nm UVC irradiation, the Care222 was placed 24 cm above the surface of the plates, and the radiation intensity at the surface of the plates was 0.1 mW/cm 2 , as measured with a recently calibrated Unimeter SNK005 meter (Ushio Inc., Tokyo, Japan). After irradiation for each treatment time, the control and treated plates were washed with 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline for 1 minute and the virus-containing phosphate-buffered saline was collected in a test tube for analysis.…”

Section: -Nm Uvc Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9][10][11][12][13] In addition, previous studies have reported that low dose of 222-nm UVC inactivated aerosolized H1N1 influenza virus and human coronaviruses alpha HCoV-229E and beta HCoV-OC43. 14,15 Although there are a few reports about the effectiveness of UV disinfection on SARS-CoV-2, 16,17 the effect of 222-nm UVC on SARS-CoV-2 is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro efficacy of 222-nm UV disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 contamination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of 222-nm ultraviolet light on disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination

Kitagawa¹,

Nomura²,

Nazmul³

et al. 2021

American Journal of Infection Control

228

214

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Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has emerged as a serious threat to human health worldwide. Efficient disinfection of surfaces contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 may help prevent its spread. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of 222-nm far-ultraviolet light (UVC) on the disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination. Methods: We investigated the titer of SARS-CoV-2 after UV irradiation (0.1 mW/cm 2) at 222 nm for 10-300 seconds using the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50). In addition, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA under the same conditions. Results: One and 3 mJ/cm 2 of 222-nm UVC irradiation (0.1 mW/cm 2 for 10 and 30 seconds) resulted in 88.5 and 99.7% reduction of viable SARS-CoV-2 based on the TCID 50 assay, respectively. In contrast, the copy number of SARS-CoV-2 RNA did not change after UVC irradiation even after a 5-minute irradiation. Conclusions: This study shows the efficacy of 222-nm UVC irradiation against SARS-CoV-2 contamination in an in vitro experiment. Further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of 222-nm UVC irradiation in reducing the contamination of real-world surfaces and the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: -Nm Uvc Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of 222-nm ultraviolet light on disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination

Kitagawa¹,

Nomura²,

Nazmul³

et al. 2021

American Journal of Infection Control

228

214

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“…They are thermolabile; decreased sunlight, low temperatures and less humidity seem to be favourable for COVID-19 (1) . Although natural UV (UV-C) from the sunlight may not be strong enough to kill COVID-19, its antimicrobial efficacy has long been shown to inactivate, thus preventing the transmission of airborne-mediated infections such as influenza and tuberculosis (51) . Further, UV-B from the sun can induce endogenous synthesis of vitamin D in the skinbeing the main source of vitamin D other than the dietary intake or supplementation.…”

Section: Coronavirus Disease and Vitamin D Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Scientific Strabismus’ or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency

Kara

Ekiz²,

Ricci

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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World Health Organization announced the novel coronavirus disease outbreak to be a global pandemic. The distribution of community outbreaks shows seasonal patterns along certain latitude, temperature, and humidity i.e. similar to the behavior of seasonal viral respiratory tract infections. COVID-19 displays significant spread in northern midlatitude countries with an average temperature of 5-11 °C and low humidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been described as pandemic, especially in the Europe. Regardless of age, ethnicity, and latitude; recent data showed that 40% of the Europeans are vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L), and 13% are severely deficient (25(OH)D <30 nmol/L).A quadratic relationship was found between the prevalences of vitamin D deficiency in most commonly affected countries by COVID-19 and the latitudes. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in the subtropical and midlatitude countries than the tropical and high latitude countries. The most commonly affected countries with severe vitamin D deficiency are from the subtropical (Saudi Arabia; 46%, Qatar; 46%, Iran; 33.4%, Chile; 26.4%) and midlatitude (France; 27.3%, Portugal; 21.2% and Austria; 19.3%) regions. Severe vitamin D deficiency was found to be nearly 0% in some high latitude countries (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands).Accordingly, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike. Accepted manuscript supplementation for potential risk of hypercalcemia while taking high doses of vitamin D3. Needless to say; as vitamin D is synthesized mainly in the skin, sun (UV-B) exposure (15-20 min daily) inducing the light pink color of minimal erythema would be the natural way of production and activation of vitamin D by keratinocytes. 55 Accordingly, presenting this paper, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient and incomparable/invaluable adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike. al. Low serum vitamin D is not associated with an increase in mortality in oldest old subjects: the Octabaix three-year follow-up study. Gerontology. 2014; 60: 10-5. 13. Veronese N, Sergi G, De Rui M, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and incidence of diabetes in elderly people: the PRO.V.A. study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99: 2351-8. 14. Aspell N, Laird E, Healy M, et al. The prevalence and determinants of vitamin D status in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Nutrients. 2019; 11...

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“…This lamp source is an important agent against drug-resistant bacteria and airborne aerosolized viruses. Nevertheless, very low level of UVC can inactivate more than 95% of aerosolized H1N1 influenza virus [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin from Ultraviolet Radiation-Driven Photoaging

Wang

Pourzand

Lei

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Autophagy is an essential cellular process that maintains balanced cell life. Restriction in autophagy may induce degenerative changes in humans. Natural or pathological aging of susceptible tissues has been linked with reduced autophagic activity. Skin photoaging is an example of such pathological condition caused by ambient solar UV radiation exposure. The UV-induced production of reaction oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to the promotion and progression of the photoaging process in exposed tissues. Accordingly, it has been suggested that autophagy is capable of delaying the skin photoaging process caused by solar ultraviolet (UV), although the underlying mechanism is still under debate. This review highlights several plausible mechanisms by which UV-induced ROS activates the cellular signaling pathways and modulates the autophagy. More specifically, the UV-mediated regulation of autophagy and age-related transcription factors is discussed to pinpoint the contribution of autophagy to antiphotoaging effects in the skin. The outcome of this review will provide insights into design intervention strategies for delaying the phenomenon of sunlight-induced photodamage, photoaging, and other aging-related chronic diseases based on factors that activate the autophagy process in the skin.

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Far-UVC light: A new tool to control the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases

Abstract: 11Airborne-mediated microbial diseases such as influenza and tuberculosis represent major public 12 health challenges. A direct approach to prevent airborne transmission is inactivation of airborne

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

Effectiveness of 222-nm ultraviolet light on disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination

Effectiveness of 222-nm ultraviolet light on disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination

‘Scientific Strabismus’ or two related pandemics: coronavirus disease and vitamin D deficiency

Autophagy: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin from Ultraviolet Radiation-Driven Photoaging

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