Far-field tectonic effects of the Arabia–Eurasia collision and the inception of the North Anatolian Fault system

Albino, Irene; Cavazza, William; Zattin, Massımılıano; Okay, Aral I.; Adamia, Shota; Sadradze, Nino

doi:10.1017/s0016756813000952

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…AFT central ages from samples taken north of the Bitlis collision zone range consistently between 48.8 and 35.9 Ma (Middle-Late Eocene), not only in the study area but across a wide area comprising most of the eastern Anatolian plateau (Albino et al, 2014), and were not affected by later cooling/exhumation. Middle-Late Eocene cooling is coeval with final closure of the northern Neotethyan branch and the development of the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone (Okay and Tüysüz, 1999;Stampfli and Hochard, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Low-temperature thermochronological data for the Eurasian foreland north of the Bitlis-Pütürge suture zone suggest that the tectonic stresses related to the Arabian collision were transmitted efficiently over large distances, focusing preferentially at rheological discontinuities located as far as the Eastern Pontides and the Lesser Caucasus (Albino et al, 2014;Cavazza et al, 2017). Stress focused either (i ) along the marked rheological difference between the polydeformed continental lithosphere of the Eastern Pontides and the relatively pristine quasi-oceanic lithosphere of the eastern Black Sea or (ii ) along properly oriented segments of the Erzincan-Sevan-Akera suture zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

et al. 2018

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The Bitlis-Pütürge collision zone of SE Turkey is the area of maximum indentation along the >2400-km-long Assyrian-Zagros suture between Arabia and Eurasia. The integration of (i ) fission-track analyses on apatites, (ii ) (U-Th)/He analyses on zircons, (iii ) field observations on stratigraphic and structural relationships, and (iv) preexisting U-Pb and Ar-Ar age determinations on zircons, amphiboles, and micas provides for the first time an overall picture of the thermo chronometric evolution of this collisional orogen. The data set points to ubiquitous latest Cretaceous metamorphism of a passive margin sedimentary sequence and its igneous basement not only along the suture zone but across the entire width of the Anatolia-Tauride block north of the suture. During the early Paleogene the basement complex of the Bitlis and Pütürge massifs along the suture was rapidly exhumed due to extensional tectonics in a back-arc setting and eventually overlain by Eocene shallow-marine sediments. The entire Oligocene is characterized by a rather flat thermochronometric evolution in the Bitlis orogenic wedge, contrary to the widely held belief that this epoch marked the inception of the Arabia-Eurasia collision and was characterized by widespread deformation. Deposition of a thick Oligocene sedimentary succession in the Muş-Hınıs basin occurred in a retroarc foreland setting unrelated to continental collision. During the Middle Miocene, the Bitlis-Pütürge orogenic wedge underwent a significant and discrete phase of rapid growth by both frontal accretion, as shown by cooling/exhumation of the foreland deposits on both sides of the orogenic prism, and underplating, as shown by cooling/ exhumation of the central metamorphic core of the orogenic wedge. We conclude that continental collision started in the mid-Miocene, as also shown by coeval thick syntectonic clastic wedges deposited in flexural basins along the Arabian plate northern margin and contractional reactivation of a number of preexisting structures in the European foreland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

et al. 2018

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“…Abbreviations as in Figure . Sources of published AFT data: Albino et al (), Ballato et al (), Boztuğ & Jonckheere (), Boztuğ et al (), (Boztuğ, Güney, et al (), Boztuğ, Türksever, et al (), Cavazza et al (), Fayon et al (), Karaoğlan et al (), and Okay et al ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This probably reflects a more mature stage of hard collision characterized by stronger plate coupling and enhanced contraction and exhumation (e.g., Frizon de Lamotte et al, ), particularly along the Bitlis suture zone as the Arabia crust of full thickness enters the collision zone (Figure d). A switch to hard collision during the Miocene would have caused strain localization within the Bitlis suture zone and along other major inherited structures such as the IAESZ (e.g., Albino et al, ; Madanipour et al, ; Rolland, ). Such a change in orogenic style has been inferred based on a two‐stage pattern of accelerating cooling rates from thermochronologic data (Mesalles et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Late Eocene Exhumation of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia) Driven by Initial Arabia‐Eurasia Collision

2018

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Continental collisions exert a profound influence on the configuration and evolution of orogenic systems. The effects of Arabia-Eurasia collision on the geodynamics of the eastern Mediterranean are difficult to unravel, however, because the timing of initial collision (i.e., intercontinental contact) remains controversial. We present the first detrital and bedrock apatite fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology, and detrital zircon U-Pb constraints from the Sivas Basin and eastern Taurides in central Anatolia (Turkey), which provide a detailed record of Cenozoic orogenesis in the hinterland of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. Our results indicate rapid middle Eocene burial followed by shortening, rapid cooling (up to~25-45°C/myr), and initiation of the southern Sivas fold-thrust belt (SSFTB) during the late Eocene (~40-34 Ma), consistent with evidence of a coeval basin-wide unconformity. We interpret that rapid late Eocene cooling of the SSFTB reflects exhumation driven by the northward propagation of retroforeland contraction into the Sivas Basin from the middle to late Eocene, and we propose that these events were due to initial soft collision of the thinned Arabian passive margin by~45 Ma. This timing of the inception of collision is supported by a regional compilation of apatite fission track data that indicates rapid cooling and hinterland exhumation throughout central and eastern Anatolia from~45 to 20 Ma, which was synchronous with a widespread magmatic lull from~40 to 20 Ma. The data presented here are compatible with a widely accepted transition to more mature or hard collision at~20 Ma, probably related to the arrival of thick Arabian crust along the Bitlis suture zone. Plain Language SummaryThe continents of Arabia and Eurasia (Europe and Asia) comprise two separate tectonic plates that are currently colliding with each other. We are uncertain when collision started, which makes it difficult to understand how the collision may have triggered other tectonic changes throughout the region. We investigated the onset of collision by collecting rock samples near the boundary between these continents in central Turkey and determining how their temperature has changed through time (thermochronology). Our analyses tell us the rocks cooled down very quickly~40 million years ago, from temperatures greater than~120°C (i.e., several kilometers deep in the Earth) to much lower temperatures similar to Earth's surface. We infer that rapid cooling was due to the onset of tectonic activity and the creation of a mountain chain with high rates of erosion that removed overlying rocks to bring these samples closer to Earth's surface. These new results agree well with several similar studies that show that rock cooling also occurred at the same time throughout the entire region. We conclude that rock cooling was caused by tectonic uplift and erosion triggered by initial collision of the thinned front of the Arabia plate with Turkeỹ 45 million years ago.

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“…Due to the combination of strike-slip and dip-slip faulting in oblique tectonic settings, understanding the style and timing of deformation that has occurred can be challenging. The low-temperature thermochronology technique provides a useful means for understanding the deformation history in such transpressive and strike-slip systems around the world (e.g., Albino et al, 2014;Benowitz et al, 2011;Duvall et al, 2013;Herman et al, 2009;Leloup et al, 2001;Spotila et al, 1998Spotila et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Inset)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing and Style of Oblique Deformation Within New Zealand's Kaikōura Ranges and Marlborough Fault System Based on Low‐Temperature Thermochronology

et al. 2019

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The ~150‐km‐wide dextral Marlborough Fault System and adjacent Kaikōura Mountains accommodate oblique convergence between the Pacific and Australian plates at the NE end of the South Island, New Zealand. Low‐temperature thermochronology from this region places new limits on the timing and style of Marlborough faulting and mountain building. We sampled rocks for apatite and zircon (U‐Th/He) and apatite fission track dating from a range of elevations spanning ~2 km within the Kaikōura Ranges, which stand high above the active Marlborough dextral faults. The data reveal Miocene cooling localized to hanging wall rocks, first along the Clarence Fault in the Inland Kaikōura Range, then along the Jordan Thrust in the Seaward Kaikōura Range, followed by widespread, rapid cooling reflected in all samples across the study area starting at ~5 Ma. Our results suggest that topographic relief in this region predates the onset of dextral faulting and that portions of the Marlborough Faults were once thrust faults that coincided with the early development of the transpressive plate boundary. We relate Pliocene to present rapid exhumation across the field site, including at low‐elevation sample sites in Marlborough Fault foot walls, to seaward translation and overthrusting of crust atop the downgoing slab by dextral Marlborough Fault motion. Our results show that spatial and temporal patterns in exhumation reflect a complex and evolving deformation field in the Marlborough Fault System over the past ~25 million years of Kaikōura orogeny.

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Far-field tectonic effects of the Arabia–Eurasia collision and the inception of the North Anatolian Fault system

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

Thermochronology of the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision zone of southeastern Turkey

Rapid Late Eocene Exhumation of the Sivas Basin (Central Anatolia) Driven by Initial Arabia‐Eurasia Collision

The Timing and Style of Oblique Deformation Within New Zealand's Kaikōura Ranges and Marlborough Fault System Based on Low‐Temperature Thermochronology

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