Far-Field–Current Relationship Based on the TL Model for Lightning Return Strokes to Elevated Strike Objects

Bermúdez, José Luis; Rachidi, Farhad; Rubinstein, Marcos; Janischewskyj, W.; Shostak, V.; Pavanello, D.; Chang, J. S.; Hussein, A.M.; Nucci, Carlo Alberto; Paolone, Mario

doi:10.1109/temc.2004.842102

Cited by 84 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4) agrees with the trend reported from triggered lightning experiments by Fisher and Schnetzer [27], who measured triggered lightning electric fields at distances of 9.3 and 19.3 m from the base of a metallic strike rod whose height was either 4.5 or 11 m, and found that a strike object appeared to reduce electric fields in its vicinity. The enhancement of vertical electric and azimuthal magnetic fields beyond 2 or 3 km from the lightning strike point due to the presence of a tall strike object is also in agreement with the trend reported by Bermudez et al [28] from their simultaneous measurements of lightning current at the CN Tower and fields at distances of 2 and 17 km. Fig.…”

Section: A Influence Of Lightning Return-stroke Propagation Speedsupporting

confidence: 91%

Influences of the Presence of a Tall Grounded Strike Object and an Upward Connecting Leader on Lightning Currents and Electromagnetic Fields

Baba

Rakov

2007

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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Abstract-Using a generalized transmission line model of the lightning return stroke, we have investigated the influences of the presence of a tall strike object and an upward connecting leader on the magnitude of lightning current and on associated electric and magnetic fields. For a typical subsequent lightning return stroke, the peak current at the bottom of a 100-m-high object is 1.5 times larger than the channel base peak current for the same strike to the flat ground, regardless of the presence of a 20-m-long upward connecting leader, while the lightning peak current at the top of the strike object is not much different from the current in the absence of the object. The vertical electric field due to a lightning strike to a 100-m-high object E z tall is reduced relative to that due to the same strike to the flat ground E z flat at distances ranging from 30 m to 200 m from the object and enhanced at distances greater than 200 m. The azimuthal magnetic field for the tall object case H ϕ tall is larger than that for the flat ground case H ϕ flat at any distance. Beyond about 3 km, E z tall /E z flat becomes insensitive to distance change and is equal to H ϕ tall /H ϕ flat .

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Section: A Influence Of Lightning Return-stroke Propagation Speedsupporting

confidence: 91%

Influences of the Presence of a Tall Grounded Strike Object and an Upward Connecting Leader on Lightning Currents and Electromagnetic Fields

Baba

Rakov

2007

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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“…A tower is called electrically tall when the rise time of the lightning current is smaller than the current wave propagation time along the tower, and therefore, the current injected into the tower top reaches its peak before the arrival of any ground reflections. Correction factors have been derived based on model calculations taking into account multiple reflections of the lightning current pulse at ground level and at the top of the tower (Baba and Rakov, 2007;Bermúdez et al, 2005). Based on triggered lightning data for the US, NLDN peak current errors with an AM and median of −5.6 and −5 %, respectively, are reported (Mallick et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 1: Performance analysis and validation

Schulz

Diendorfer

Pédeboy

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

167

134

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Abstract. In this paper we present a performance analysis of the European lightning location system EUCLID for cloud-to ground flashes/strokes in terms of location accuracy (LA), detection efficiency (DE) and peak current estimation. The performance analysis is based on ground truth data from direct lightning current measurements at the Gaisberg Tower (GBT) and data from E-field and video recordings. The E-field and video recordings were collected in three different regions in Europe, namely in Austria, Belgium and France. The analysis shows a significant improvement of the LA of the EUCLID network over the past 7 years. Currently, the median LA is in the range of 100 m in the center of the network and better than 500 m within the majority of the network. The observed DE in Austria and Belgium is similar, yet a slightly lower DE is determined in a particular region in France, due to malfunctioning of a relevant lightning location sensor during the time of observation. The overall accuracy of the lightning location system (LLS) peak current estimation for subsequent strokes is reasonable keeping in mind that the LLS-estimated peak currents are determined from the radiated electromagnetic fields, assuming a constant return stroke speed.The results presented in this paper can be used to estimate the performance of the EUCLID network related to cloud-toground flashes/strokes for regions with similar sensor baselines and sensor technology.

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“…This improved blade design has significantly reduced the amount of blade damage. Another observation from the report's northern European data is that only one-third of the lightning faults were caused by direct strikes to the turbine (Bermudez et al, 2005). The other two-thirds were attributed to lightning strikes to the power and telecommunication networks connected to the turbines.…”

Section: Lightning Damage To Wind Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed current parameters within the structure of the strike object are therefore 'disturbed' by the presence of current reflections and the degree of disturbance depends on the physical and electrical characteristics of the strike object (Bermudez et al, 2005).…”

Section: Transient Behavior Of Lightning Current In the Body Of The Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Lightning Impact on the Wind-Turbine

Dib¹,

Abdallah²,

Labar³

2014

Energy Research Journal

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Generally, lightning damage has mainly been to home appliances and telephones, Towers and power transmission and generation equipment mal functions and damage due to strikes on power lines. With the adoption of wind power generation equipment, however, lightning damage is also increasing in this area. Through his dimensional characteristics and the wind power system is more exposed in the nature of all others. Lightning damage is the single largest cause of unplanned downtime in wind turbines and that downtime is responsible for the loss of countless megawatts of power generation. Wind turbines are high structures and, like tall towers, they not only attract downward flashes but initiate upward flashes as well. The rotation of the blades may also trigger lightning and result in considerable increase in the number of strikes to a wind turbine unit. Since wind turbines are tall structures, the lightning currents that are injected by return strokes into the turbines will be affected by reflections at the top, at the bottom and at the junction of the blades with the static base of the turbine. We present in this study our contribution to study of the impact of direct and indirect lightning strokes on wind turbines.

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Far-Field–Current Relationship Based on the TL Model for Lightning Return Strokes to Elevated Strike Objects

Cited by 84 publications

References 24 publications

Influences of the Presence of a Tall Grounded Strike Object and an Upward Connecting Leader on Lightning Currents and Electromagnetic Fields

Influences of the Presence of a Tall Grounded Strike Object and an Upward Connecting Leader on Lightning Currents and Electromagnetic Fields

The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 1: Performance analysis and validation

Study of the Lightning Impact on the Wind-Turbine

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