Abstract:The Fourth Symphony has almost invariably been seen as innocent and optimistic: an evocation of past elegance and a vision of future happiness. In this context the literary and musical text of the last movement is seen to prompt ‘retrospective enlightenment’ in performance, causing us to reappraise our understanding of the first three movements. Yet the musical surface is not entirely placid and untroubled: even the exposition of the first movement is rife with discontinuities in texture, orchestration and the… Show more
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