Fantasy: A consolidation.

Abstract

Fantasy: A ConsolidationVia the role of fantasy, we propose a theoretical integration. Specifically, we focus on the pathologically conflicted aspects of sensual-sexual and aggressive strivings as well as the self-organizing and reparative aspects that contribute to fantasy formation. We present key aspects of Kohut's thinking to set the stage for a self-psychological view of fantasy. We also discuss contemporary self-psychological positions on fantasy. We suggest the limitations of this single motivational focus and then provide a rationale and research data supporting the inclusion of sensual-sexual and aggressive strivings as contributors to fantasy formation and maintenance. Anecdotal and clinical vignettes are offered to suggest different pathways that specific motives take to initiate and sustain fantasy life; we demonstrate, as well, the intertwining of motives. We maintain that such a theoretical consolidation lends efficacy to clinical work.There is a growing conviction that theoretical pluralism is necessary. Specifically, there is recognition of the limitations of a single motivational focus. Among the several historical factors that contributed to the use of a multimotivational model was a patient population other than neurotics, who yielded insights into a wider range of psychopathology. This group provided theoreticians with new constructs for organizing their patients' pathological experiences. When subsequent clinical data were examined through these new theoretical concepts, the latter were found helpful. These proliferating ideas challenged the notion that one model was sufficient to encompass all clinical findings. When one model was used to account for all the clinical data, the limits of the theory were stretched so that original definitions and meanings were no longer recognizable {see, e.g., Sandler's, 1990, definition of conflict). This led to the development of dual and multimotivational models so that a particular theoretical perspective could be enriched and enhanced (