Fan-delta sequence in the Archean Fig Tree Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Nocita, Bruce W.; Lowe, Donald R.

doi:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90049-v

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other thin barite zones are developed locally, usually in association with fan deltas. These occurrences suggest that barite was a common sedimentary facies during Fig Tree deposition. In the SD, ECD, and southeastern WCD, the Mapepe Formation was deposited in a variety of alluvial, fan-delta, and shallow-subaqueous depositional environments (Nocita and Lowe, 1990;Lowe and Nocita, this volume, Chapter 10). In the northwestern WCD, however, immediately south of the Inyoka fault, the formation is dominated by deep-water turbiditic units, including 100-200 m of fine tuffaceous strata overlain by several hundred meters of turbiditic chert-clast conglomerate, chert-grit sandstone, and mudstone.…”

Section: Southern Faciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stratigraphy of the west-central part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Lowe¹,

Byerly²

1999

Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

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The Swaziland Supergroup in the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB) consists of a lower, predominantly volcanic sequence, the Onverwacht Group; a middle volcaniclastic and quartz-poor clastic succession, the Fig Tree Group; and an upper quartzose terrigenous unit, the Moodies Group. In classic sections in the Onverwacht anticline, the Onverwacht Group includes 8 to 10 km of komatiitic, basaltic, and dacitic volcanic rocks and thin, silicified sedimentary layers that have been subdivided, from base to top, into the Komati, Hooggenoeg, and Kromberg Formations, and a new unit, the Mendon Formation. The ages and stratigraphic relationships of the highly altered Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations in the anticline are not fully resolved, but the latter includes felsic volcanic components that are in part older than the Komati Formation and in part correlative with dacitic volcanic units at the top of the Hooggenoeg Formation. However, in the Steynsdorp anticline, rocks assigned to the Theespruit Formation lie stratigraphically below the Komati Formation and include the oldest dated stratigraphic units in the Swaziland Supergroup. In the central part of the belt, north of the Granville Grove fault and south of the Inyoka fault, komatiitic volcanic rocks of the Onverwacht Group are younger than those of the Komati Formation and are here assigned to a new unit, the Mendon Formation. Exposed portions of the formation appear to young northward across a series of fault-bounded outcrop belts. North of the Inyoka fault, the Onverwacht Group includes a thick succession of komatiitic and basaltic volcanic rocks and tuffs, layered ultramafic intrusions, and thin cherty units. These rocks are here grouped into a new lithostratigraphic unit, the Weltevreden Formation. Age data suggest that the Weltevreden Formation is equivalent to at least the upper part of the Mendon Formation. The overlying Fig Tree Group consists of interstratified terrigenous clastic units and dacitic to rhyodacitic volcaniclastic and volcanic rocks. South of the Inyoka fault, these strata appear to include two formation-level units: the Mapepe and Auber Villiers Formations. The Mapepe Formation includes as much as 700 m of shale, chertgrit sandstone, and chert-clast conglomerate interstratified with fine-grained felsic pyroclastic and volcaniclastic rocks. Chert, jasper, and barite make up a minor part of most sections. Deposition took place in alluvial, fan-delta, and shallow to perhaps moderately deep subaqueous environments. Dacitic tuffs have yielded single-crystal zircon ages of 3,252 ± 6, 3,243 ± 4, and 3,226 ± 4 Ma. The Auber Villiers Formation includes 1,500 to 2,000 m of dacitic tuff; coarse volLowe, D. R.Downloaded from caniclastic sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia; and terrigenous chert-clast conglomerate, chert-grit sandstone, and shale. This sequence and the locally overlying Moodies strata form the hanging-wall succession above a thrust fault, named the 24-hour Camp fault. The footwall sequence includes rocks of the Mendon and Mapepe Formations...

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Section: Southern Faciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The stratigraphy of the Mapepe Formation within the study area is shown in Figures 13 and 14 and is discussed in detail by Lowe and Nocita (this volume,Chapter 10) and Nocita and Lowe (1990). The formation is named for and has its type section in Mapepe Valley, northeast of the study area (Heinrichs, 1980).…”

Section: Southern Faciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stratigraphy of the west-central part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Lowe¹,

Byerly²

1999

Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

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“…Elevated freeboard existed at various times throughout the Archean, as evidenced by Archean continental and shallow-marine successions (e.g., Burke et al, 1986;Nocita and Lowe, 1990;Hessler and Lowe, 2006), evaporitic sediments (e.g., Buick and Dunlop, 1990;Lowe and Fisher-Worrell, 1999;Sugitani et al, 2003), subaerial volcanism (Blake, 1993;Li et al, 2013), and paleosols (e.g., MacFarlane et al, 1994;Murikami et al, 2001). Much of this evidence is from Paleoarchean to Neoarchean rocks of the Kaapvaal and Pilbara cratons.…”

Section: Implications For Studies Of Fluid-rock Interaction In the Armentioning

confidence: 98%

Low δ18O zircon grains in the Neoarchean Rum Jungle Complex, northern Australia: An indicator of emergent continental crust

et al. 2014

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“…Weathering of a typical uplifted rock sequence produced coarse clastic sediments that became enriched in the most chemically resistant components such as cherts and silicified komatiitic and dacitic tuffs (Nocita and Lowe 1990). Despite the rapid uplift and transport of these rocks and their debris, their less chemically resistant components were efficiently degraded.…”

Section: Changes In Biogeochemical Cycling Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Conversations on the Habitability of Worlds: The Importance of Volatiles

Bertaux¹,

Carr

Marais

et al. 2007

Space Sci Rev

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Fan-delta sequence in the Archean Fig Tree Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Stratigraphy of the west-central part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Stratigraphy of the west-central part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Low δ18O zircon grains in the Neoarchean Rum Jungle Complex, northern Australia: An indicator of emergent continental crust

Conversations on the Habitability of Worlds: The Importance of Volatiles

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