Family Socialisation Styles and Hostility in the Adolescent Population

Abstract

The affective involvement of parents in the socialization of their children is fundamental for the proper psychological and emotional adjustment of adolescents, although we know that it is difficult to study. In this research, the relationship between parenting style and hostility was analysed in Spanish adolescents. Five-hundred and thirty-six adolescents participated in this study (53.7% males and 46.3% females), between the ages of 12 and 18 (M = 15.76, SD = 1.43), enrolled in 4 compulsory Secondary Education centers of the Castellon province. Family socialization was evaluated through the parental styles: authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian and negligent, and hostility, through the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale Criteria assessment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was carried out with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that hostility and compound hostility are higher in adolescents from authoritarian and authoritative families than in adolescents from indulgent families. It was also observed that the Mother’s Strictness/Imposition had the greatest effect on hostility, as well as a low acceptance/involvement of the father. Regarding parental styles, it was observed that mother’s deprivation, physical coercion, and mother’s verbal coercion were the greatest predictors of hostility. No differences were observed depending on the gender.

Parental Socialization, Social Anxiety, and School Victimization: A Mediation Model

“…It is well known that certain parental attitudes and behavior patterns seem to be largely associated with the manifestation of difficulties in the adjustment and social competence of their children [32][33][34]. In this sense, recent research confirms the positive role played by parental acceptance and affection in the social adjustment of their children [35].…”

Family Functioning, Self-Concept and Cybervictimization: An Analysis Based on Gender

“…In relation to personal and behavioral characteristics, in a review paper by Chan and Wong (2015), it has been observed that adolescents who are cybervictimized also suffer problems of low self-control. Additionally, in other studies, cybervictimization has been related to depression (Calvete et al 2016), anxiety (Litwiller and Brausch 2013), problems of anger and hostility (Aymerich et al 2018), loneliness and low empathy (Brewer and Kerslake 2015), and suicidal ideation and low self-concept (Brewer and Kerslake 2015;Extremera et al 2018). As regards self-concept, defined as the perception that individuals have of themselves as physical, social, and spiritual beings (García and Musitu 1999), the authors of this study believe that attention should be drawn to the important role that it plays in the development of adolescent identity.…”

Parenting Styles, Internalization of Values and Self-Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain, Portugal and Brazil

“…ESPA 29 have used it to validate other parenting instruments [71] analyzed by meta-analysis studies [58,72] and to examine maternal and paternal contributions to family socialization [33]. The ESPA29 styles, dimensions and practices are related to multiple socialization outcomes such as bullying [27,73] and cyber-bullying [27,[74][75][76], hostility [77], child-to-parent violence [53,78], reactive and proactive adolescent violence [52], dating violence [79], drug use [80][81][82], adolescent behavior problems [83], empathy and connectedness with nature [84], self-concept [35,57], and prosocial values during parenting socialization [6,35]. Cronbach's alphas in this study for the two main dimensions were acceptance/involvement, 0.971, and strictness/imposition, 0.960.…”