Family‐related factors may affect serum vitamin D levels

Serum vitamin D level discriminates between the primary and the associated clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia

“…The characteristic of patients, including the predominance of the female gender, living in urban areas and current smoking, can influence the serum level of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in female than male and this gender-based effect shared the other determinants that cause vitamin D deficiency in FM patients. 14 Another study found that vitamin D deficiency were similar in both sexes, but its prevalence is increased in patients with cardio metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index, high blood pressure, abnormal lipid profile and impaired glucose level as some of these factors reported in our study. 15 Heavy smokers are more likely to have a low serum vitamin D deficiency, and in our study about quarter of patients were currently smokers which may share with low serum vitamin D in FM patients.…”