Family Policies in Finland

The Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents and interrelation in intact and morphologic normal prostate tissue of adult men investigated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescent analysis

“…The comparison of our results with published data [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] for the Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn contents in the human prostate is shown in Table 3.…”

“…The obtained means for Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn mass fraction, as shown in Table 3, agree well with values cited by other researches for the human prostate, including samples received from persons who died from different nonprostatic diseases. [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] A number of values for chemical element mass fractions were not expressed on a dry-weight basis by the authors of the cited references. However, we calculated these values using published data for water (80%) [66] and ash (1% on wet-weight basis) [67] contents in prostate of adult men.…”

“…[56] All prostate samples were prepared in duplicate, and the mean values of chemical element contents were used in the final calculation. By using standard programs, the summary of statistics, [57] 17 (12) [58] 36 AE 30 Fe 150 (14) 5.7 AE 0.1 (5) [59] 1040 AE 65 (10) [60] 107 AE 42 Rb 34.5 (3) 4.7 (9) [61] 58 AE 33 (4) [62] 17.1 AE 6.4 Sr 0.94 (4) 0.75 AE 0.75 (48) [63] 1.4 (12) [58] 1.9 AE 1.9 Zn 482 (48) 111 (-) [64] 2735 (10) [60] 850 AE 632 M, arithmetic mean; SD, standard deviation; (n)*, number of all references, (n)**, number of samples. arithmetic mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, minimum and maximum values, median, and percentiles with 0.025 and 0.975 levels was calculated for chemical element contents and ratios.…”

Freedom of choice, gender equality, or employment promotion? Finnish party positions on childcare in the light of election manifestos 2015

“…In the 1960s, income-related parental insurance was introduced, and in the 1970s investments were made in the childcare system. Around 1990, the Finnish family policy system had evolved into a relatively extensive and 'de-familised' system that not only facilitated female employment and promoted gender equality, but also gave parents freedom to choose between public and home childcare (Forssén, Jaakola, & Ritakallio, 2008;Hiilamo & Kangas, 2009). Ideologically, this system has been founded on a mixture of social democratic and agrarian/conservative values (Anttonen & Sipilä, 2000;Hiilamo, 2002;Välimäki & Rauhala, 2000).…”

Radical Reform Or Piecemeal Adjustments? The Case of Finnish Family Policy Reforms

“…In the comparative welfare state literature, the Nordic model of welfare, with social security guaranteed for all its citizens, relatively low poverty rates, high female employment rates, and gender equality (Forssén, Jaakola, & Ritakallio, ), is often described as “the best of all possible thinkable worlds” (Kangas & Palme, , 2) or even a “Nordic Nirvana” (Lister, , p. 243) . Although being a late runner, receiving a “Nordic status” only in the late 1980s (Anttonen & Sipilä, ), Finland too is considered part of the Nordic dual‐earner family policy model (Korpi, ), recognized by the principle of universalism and mothers' participation in the labor market (Blum, ).…”