Family Name Origins and Intergenerational Demographic Change in Great Britain

Kandt, Jens; Dijk, Justin van; Longley, Paul

doi:10.1080/24694452.2020.1717328

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Both these validation exercises showed that the British surname classification had high sensitivity and specificity for predicting self-reported White Scottish and White British ethnicity in these data sources, respectively. Recently, this work has been taken further by linking the list of British surnames to the geographical location in census returns from the 1881 Census for England, Scotland, and Wales 7 , which has resulted in the classification of British surname origins used in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes—an observational study of hospital admissions

Petersen

Kandt²,

Longley

2022

Sci Rep

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Population structure is a confounder on pathways linking genotypes to health outcomes. This study examines whether the historical, geographical origins of British surnames are associated with health outcomes today. We coded hospital admissions of over 30 million patients in England between 1999 and 2013 to their British surname origin and divided their diagnoses into 125 major disease categories (of which 94 were complete-case). A base population was constructed with patients’ first admission of any kind. Age- and sex-standardised odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression using patients with ubiquitous English surnames such as “Smith” as reference (alpha = .05; Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) = .05). The results were scanned for “signals”, where a branch of related surname origins all had significantly higher or lower risk. Age- and sex-standardised admission (alpha = .05) was calculated for each signal across area deprivation and surname origin density quintiles. Signals included three branches of English surnames (disorders of teeth and jaw, fractures, upper gastrointestinal disorders). Although the signal with fractures was considered unusual overall, 2 out of the 9 origins in the branch would only be significant at a FDR > .05: OR 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.86–0.98) and 0.70 (0.55–0.90). The risk was only different in the quintile with the highest density of that group. Differential risk remained when studied across quintiles of area deprivation. The study shows that surname origins are associated with diverse health outcomes and thus act as markers of population structure over and above area deprivation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes—an observational study of hospital admissions

Petersen

Kandt²,

Longley

2022

Sci Rep

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“…There is a growing literature about the use of names to impute ethnicity in studies where this information is not routinely collected or not otherwise available through data linkage [ 6 , 12 – 14 ]. Software developed at University College London [ 13 , 15 ] has been used in over 60 scientific studies and social equity audits in applications as diverse as accident and emergency department utilisation [ 16 ], residential segregation [ 17 ], labour market discrimination [ 18 ], and the composition of company boards [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Software developed at University College London [ 13 , 15 ] has been used in over 60 scientific studies and social equity audits in applications as diverse as accident and emergency department utilisation [ 16 ], residential segregation [ 17 ], labour market discrimination [ 18 ], and the composition of company boards [ 19 ]. To address problems with missing self-reported ethnicity information in HES, the Ethnicity Estimator (EE) software was deployed in this study [ 12 , 13 ]. To retain full anonymity, this step was carried out in an air-gapped, secure data facility by NHS Digital linking name information in the Patient Demographic Service to HES.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic inequalities in hospital admissions in England: an observational study

2021

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Background Ethnic inequalities in health are well-known and partly explained by social determinants such as poorer living and working conditions, health behaviours, discrimination, social exclusion, and healthcare accessibility factors. Inequalities are known both for self-reported health and for diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and non-specific chest pains. Most studies however concern individual diseases or self-reported health and do not provide an overview that can detect gaps in existing knowledge. The aim of this study is thus to identify ethnic inequalities in inpatient hospital admission for all major disease categories in England. Methods Observational study of the inpatient hospital admission database in England enhanced with ethnicity coding of participants’ surnames. The primary diagnosis was coded to Level 1 of the Global Burden of Disease groups. For each year, only the first admission for each condition for each participant was included. If a participant was readmitted within two days only the first admission was counted. Admission risk for all major disease groups for each ethnic group relative to the White British group were calculated using logistic regression adjusting for age and area deprivation. Results 40,928,105 admissions were identified between April 2009 and March 2014. Ethnic inequalities were found in cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, chest pain, and diabetes in line with previous studies. Additional inequalities were found in nutritional deficiencies, endocrine disorders, and sense organ diseases. Conclusions The results of this study were consistent with known inequalities, but also found previously unreported disparities in nutritional deficiencies, endocrine disorders, and sense organ diseases. Further studies would be required to map out the relevant care pathways for ethnic minorities and establish whether preventive measures can be strengthened.

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“…Among the more widespread surnames with multiple origins are names taken from professions (e.g., Smith) or landscape features (e.g., Ford). Previous work has characterised the regionality of British surnames de ning socalled isonymy regions based on the 1881 Census geography [6][7][8]. Isonymy regions are geographical regions whose populations bear a distinct constellation of surnames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes – an observational study of English hospital records

Petersen

Kandt

Longley

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundPopulation and social structure act as important confounders on pathways linking genotypes to health outcomes. This study examines whether the historical, geographical origins of British surnames – as markers of population structure - are associated with differential health outcomes today. MethodsWe coded the hospital admissions of more than 30 million patients in England between 1999 and 2013 to their surname origin and divided their diagnoses into 125 major disease categories. A base population dataset was constructed with patients’ first admission of any kind. Age- and sex-standardised odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression using patients with ubiquitous English surnames such as “Smith” as reference. Using a data mining approach, we scanned the results for “signals”, where a branch of related surname origins all had significantly higher or lower risk than the reference group. We subsequently studied the age- and sex-standardised incidence for each signal across the density of the surname origin (quintiles) as well as quintiles of area deprivation. ResultsWe identified a signal with Scottish surnames (alcohol-related disorders) and three with different branches of English surnames (disorders of teeth and jaw, fractures, upper gastrointestinal disorders). For the three English surname groups, the risk was only different to patients with other surnames in the quintile with the highest density of that group. Differential risk remained when studied across quintiles of area deprivation. ConclusionsThe study shows that surname origins are associated with diverse health outcomes and may thus act as combined markers of population structure over and above area deprivation.

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Family Name Origins and Intergenerational Demographic Change in Great Britain

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes—an observational study of hospital admissions

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes—an observational study of hospital admissions

Ethnic inequalities in hospital admissions in England: an observational study

British surname origins, population structure and health outcomes – an observational study of English hospital records

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