Family medicine in the Baltic countries

Håkansson, Anders; Ovhed, Ingvar; Jurgutis, Arnoldas; Kalda, Ruth; Ticmane, Gunta

doi:10.1080/02813430802030090

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Family medicine, as a discipline, used to be recognized only in Yugoslavia [26]. There was no patient choice of provider [41]. The CCEE that became members of the EU have introduced some form of social health insurance [24] and [42].…”

Section: Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening weak primary care systems: Steps towards stronger primary care in selected Western and Eastern European countries

et al. 2013

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European health care systems are facing diverse challenges. In health policy, strong primary care is seen as key to deal with these challenges. European countries differ in how strong their primary care systems are. Two groups of traditionally weak primary care systems are distinguished. First a number of social health insurance systems in Western Europe. In these systems we identified policies to strengthen primary care by small steps, characterized by weak incentives and a voluntary basis for primary care providers and patients. Secondly, transitional countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CCEE) that transformed their state-run, polyclinic based systems to general practice based systems to a varying extent. In this policy review article we describe the policies to strengthen primary care. For Western Europe, Germany, Belgium and France are described. The CCEE transformed their systems in a completely different context and urgency of problems. For this group, we describe the situation in Estonia and Lithuania, as former states of the Soviet Union that are now members of the EU, and Belarus which is not. We discuss the usefulness of voluntary approaches in the context of acceptability of such policies and in the context of (absence of) European policies.

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Section: Central and Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening weak primary care systems: Steps towards stronger primary care in selected Western and Eastern European countries

et al. 2013

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“…Thus, when a healthcare system is being established it must be decided what role hospitals will play—that is, the extent to which they will be used—and this decision has consequences not only for the system itself, but also for population health. For instance, if a country opts for hospitals to play a much smaller role in the treatment and recovery of those who are ill, then the onus ends up being placed on outpatient care facilities, especially on family physicians [ 5 ]. Countries with better access to non-hospital healthcare services, measured by health expenditure, or number of overall employed healthcare workers per 10,000 population, may experience lower hospitalization rates, as timely and effective healthcare intervention can prevent or manage health conditions before they become severe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of health spending on hospitalization rates in Baltic countries: a comparative analysis

Jiang,

Tran,

Gobiņa

et al. 2024

BMC Health Serv Res

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Introduction This study examines the association between healthcare indicators and hospitalization rates in three high-income European countries, namely Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, from 2015 to 2020. Method We used a sex-stratified generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the impact of select healthcare indicators on hospitalization rates, adjusted by general economic status—i.e., gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Results Our findings indicate a consistent decline in hospitalization rates over time for all three countries. The proportion of health expenditure spent on hospitals, the number of physicians and nurses, and hospital beds were not statistically significantly associated with hospitalization rates. However, changes in the number of employed medical doctors per 10,000 population were statistically significantly associated with changes of hospitalization rates in the same direction, with the effect being stronger for males. Additionally, higher GDP per capita was associated with increased hospitalization rates for both males and females in all three countries and in all models. Conclusions The relationship between healthcare spending and declining hospitalization rates was not statistically significant, suggesting that the healthcare systems may be shifting towards primary care, outpatient care, and on prevention efforts.

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Subnational inequalities in years of life lost and associations with socioeconomic factors in pre-pandemic Europe, 2009–19: an ecological study

Chen-Xu,

Varga,

Mahrouseh

et al. 2024

The Lancet Public Health

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Family medicine in the Baltic countries

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Strengthening weak primary care systems: Steps towards stronger primary care in selected Western and Eastern European countries

Strengthening weak primary care systems: Steps towards stronger primary care in selected Western and Eastern European countries

Impact of health spending on hospitalization rates in Baltic countries: a comparative analysis

Subnational inequalities in years of life lost and associations with socioeconomic factors in pre-pandemic Europe, 2009–19: an ecological study

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