Family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922

Samaai, Toufiek; Kelly, Michelle

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78

Cited by 18 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The continual discovery of new latrunculid species and genera from these expeditions fuelled increasing interest in these sponges and ultimately led to a taxonomic revision of the family Latrunculiidae in parallel with the natural products chemistry and bioactivity studies of the isolated natural products. 1,2,11,12 Four genera -Latrunculia, Sceptrella, Strongylodesma and Tsitsikamma -were recognised in this revision ( Figure 2). The genus Tsitsikamma is endemic to South Africa.…”

Section: Biodiversity Of South African Latrunculid Spongesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The coastal regions of South Africa are recognised as a global hotspot of latrunculid sponge biodiversity. 1,10 The pioneering, collaborative, marine invertebrate biodiscovery expeditions, coordinated from Rhodes University (1990-2004), 10 revealed for the first time the significant latrunculid sponge diversity off South Africa. The continual discovery of new latrunculid species and genera from these expeditions fuelled increasing interest in these sponges and ultimately led to a taxonomic revision of the family Latrunculiidae in parallel with the natural products chemistry and bioactivity studies of the isolated natural products.…”

Section: Biodiversity Of South African Latrunculid Spongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Latrunculid sponges from the genus Sceptrella are also deep water sponges; however, no representatives of this genus have yet been discovered off the South African coast and this genus appears confined to the northern and western Atlantic Ocean. 1,17,18 The genera Bomba and Latrunclava have recently been added to the family Latrunculiidae, and representatives of these two genera are similarly not known to occur off southern Africa. 7,18 A list of the new latrunculid sponges species collected off South Africa, their sites of collection, and references to their published taxonomic data are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sponge was identified by Samaai and Kelly as Tsitsikamma favus, the first species from a new genus in the family Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922. 1 Subsequent detailed studies of the taxonomy, marine natural products chemistry and marine microbiology of T. favus formed the basis of the first PhD studies at the University of the Western Cape in sponge taxonomy 2 , and in marine sponge natural products chemistry [3][4][5] and marine sponge microbiology 6 at Rhodes University.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The colourful chemistry of South African latrunculid sponges

2019

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Marine sponges – in common with many other sessile marine invertebrates seemingly devoid of obvious physical forms of defence against predators, e.g. spines or shells – are the sources of a diverse array of organic chemical compounds known as marine natural products or secondary metabolites. Recent research has indicated that the production of natural products via cellular secondary metabolic pathways in some sponge species may not occur within the sponge cells themselves, but rather in microbial endosymbionts which inhabit the surface and interstitial spaces within the sponge tissue. Regardless of their biosynthetic origin, the bioactivity, e.g. toxicity, of many of these marine natural products may be utilised by sponges as chemical feeding deterrents to discourage predation or to provide a chemical anti-fouling competitive edge in the intense competition for living space amongst filter-feeders on space-limited benthic reefs. Paradoxically, a small number of sponge natural products have serendipitously shown potential as new pharmaceuticals, e.g. novel anti-cancer drugs. Marine biodiscovery (or bioprospecting) is the search for new pharmaceuticals from marine organisms. Exploration of the taxonomy, natural products chemistry and biomedicinal potential of the rich diversity of South African latrunculid sponges (family Latrunculiidae), at Rhodes University, the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and the University of the Western Cape has continued unabated for over a quarter of a century as part of a collaborative marine biodiscovery programme. A short review of this multidisciplinary latrunculid sponge research is presented here.

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Section: Biodiversity Of South African Latrunculid Spongesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Biodiversity Of South African Latrunculid Spongesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The colourful chemistry of South African latrunculid sponges

2019

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“…From a thorough taxonomic re-evaluation of the various genera in which pyroloquinolines have been found and of other compounds attributed to Latrunculiidae genera [20], definitive new taxonomic conclusions were able to be drawn, resulting in the greater integrity of Latrunculiidae (separating it from Podospongiidae), and the establishment of new genera within Latrunculiidae [18,20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Isolation of Tsitsikammamines from the Antarctic Deep-Sea Sponge Latrunculia biformis by Molecular Networking and Anticancer Activity

Janussen

Peifer

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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The Antarctic deep-sea sponge Latrunculia (Latrunculia) biformis Kirkpatrick, 1908 (Class Demospongiae Sollas, Order Poecilosclerida Topsent, Latrunculiidae Topsent) was selected for chemical analyses due to its potent anticancer activity. Metabolomic analysis of its crude extract by HRMS/MS-based molecular networking showed the presence of several clusters of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids, i.e., discorhabdin and epinardin-type brominated pyridopyrroloquinolines and tsitsikammamines, the non-brominated bis-pyrroloiminoquinones. Molecular networking approach combined with a bioactivity-guided isolation led to the targeted isolation of the known pyrroloiminoquinone tsitsikammamine A (1) and its new analog 16,17-dehydrotsitsikammamine A (2). The chemical structures of the compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, HR-ESIMS). Due to minute amounts, molecular modeling and docking was used to assess potential affinities to potential targets of the isolated compounds, including DNA intercalation, topoisomerase I-II, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzymes. Tsitsikammamines represent a small class of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids that have only previously been reported from the South African sponge genus Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly and an Australian species of the sponge genus Zyzzya de Laubenfels. This is the first report of tsitsikammamines from the genus Latrunculia du Bocage and the successful application of molecular networking in the identification of comprehensive chemical inventory of L. biformis followed by targeted isolation of new molecules. This study highlights the high productivity of secondary metabolites of Latrunculia sponges and may shed new light on their biosynthetic origin and chemotaxonomy.

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