Family history of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma

Turati, Federica; Edefonti, Valeria; Talamini, Renato; Ferraroni, Monica; Malvezzi, Matteo; Bravi, Francesca; Franceschi, Silvia; Montella, Maurizio; Polesel, Jerry; Zucchetto, Antonella; Vecchia, Carlo La; Negri, Eva; Decarli, Adriano

doi:10.1002/hep.24794

Cited by 101 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Familial clustering of HCC cases is frequently observed, especially in Eastern countries, where HBV spread within the household is thought to be the reason why family history of HCC is a risk factor. A recent study also showed that a family history of liver cancer increases HCC risk independently of hepatitis even in a Western population [46].…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epidemiology and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2012

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and has a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC differs greatly according to the geographic area. East and Southeast Asia, as well as middle and West Africas have the highest prevalence of HCC. The risk factors for developing HCC are well known and include cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cirrhosis is the most significant risk factor, and there is a correlation between the degree of noninvasively measured liver fibrosis and the risk of HCC occurrence. HBV exerts carcinogenic effects by several mechanisms, including host genome integration, and studies have revealed that HBV replication predicts HCC development. HCV induces multistep carcinogenesis from inflammation, to fibrosis and liver cancer. HCC is an appropriate target for surveillance programs for early cancer detection. Currently, liver ultrasonography (US) combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, a biomarker of HCC) measurement every 6 months is the standard method of HCC surveillance. Although US is the most widely used tool, its sensitivity in detecting early HCC (i.e., within the Milan criteria) during surveillance is only 63%. AFP is the representative biomarker for both HCC surveillance and diagnosis; however, the unsatisfactory performance of AFP as a surveillance tool means that a novel biomarker or combination with other serum markers is required. Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and AFP-L3 are candidate biomarkers that are complementary to AFP. The strategies of HCC surveillance vary in different countries according to the healthcare system, the resources available, and health insurance coverage. Many studies have shown that the rate of early cancer detection and rate of application of curative therapies were increased, as was the survival time, by HCC surveillance, which should now become a part of standard care, rather than just a recommendation. Improved US technology and the discovery of new biomarkers are necessary to make further progress in HCC surveillance.

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Section: Risk Factors Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 93%

Epidemiology and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2012

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“…20% of the individuals with NAFLD present with steatohepatitis, while the majority have steatosis only. Isolated steatosis of the liver probably has no effect on liver-related mortality [49,50,51]. …”

Section: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with this, the risk of developing HCC is higher in individuals with a family history of HCC [49]. A predisposing effect is being suggested for numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).…”

Section: Host Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Kirstein

Vogel²

2014

Dig Dis

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly malignancies worldwide. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib still remains the only approved agent for advanced HCC. In most cases, HCC develops based on advanced liver cirrhosis, whereas the underlying risk factors can be identified in the vast majority of patients. Methods: Here, we summarise and review the pathomechanisms in dependence of the underlying disease, gene signatures and frequent mutations in HCC. Results: Worldwide, HCC is most commonly caused by viral hepatitis B and C. It is less frequently associated with chronic exposure to toxins or hereditary liver diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an emerging risk factor with increasing prevalence nowadays. Emerging innovative technologies including whole-genome or -exome analyses have been applied for molecular and prognostic classifications as well as therapeutic implications. Mutations leading to activation of the Wnt pathway and inactivation of p53 were most frequently identified in HCC. Conclusions: Recent advances have significantly improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC and its complex genetic landscape. The emerging data will open the door towards novel and more effective targeted and personalized therapies in this devastating disease.

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“…Patients infected with HBV are known to be at an increased risk of developing HCC over their lifetime (3)(4)(5). Previous studies have reported familial aggregation of HCC (6,7), and previous meta-analyses have indicated that family history of HCC increases the risk of HCC in patients with viral hepatitis, independently of hepatitis (8). A previous study examined the effect of a family history of HCC on the incidence of HCC in the entire population who were screened for HBV seromarkers, and elucidated that family history of HCC multiplied the risk of HCC at each stage of HBV infection (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus infection

Zhang

et al. 2017

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Numerous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) potently affect hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the miRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been elucidated. In the present study, the plasma miRNA expression profiles of 3 patients with HCC with familial aggregation of HCC and HBV infection and 1 healthy volunteer were examined by microarray analysis, in order to identify relevant miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of HCC with familial aggregation and HBV infection. The results indicated that 26 miRNAs exhibited a ≥20-fold increase or decrease in the plasma of patients with HCC, compared with the healthy control (24 upregulated and 2 downregulated). Among these altered miRNAs, 15 of them have been reported in HCC. The other 11 miRNAs have never been reported in HCC. These differentially-expressed miRNAs may be potential molecular markers for HCC pathogenesis and development.

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Family history of liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 101 publications

References 41 publications

Epidemiology and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Epidemiology and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

MicroRNA expression profiling in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma of familial aggregation and hepatitis B virus infection

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