Family history of cancer and the risk of laryngeal cancer: A case‐control study from Italy and Switzerland

Abstract

Only limited data is available on the relationship between family history of laryngeal and other neoplasms and laryngeal cancer risk. We investigated the issue using data from a multicentre case-control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1992 and 2009 including 852 cases with histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer and 1970 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non neoplastic conditions. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, study center, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and number of siblings were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of laryngeal cancer. The multivariate OR was 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-5.3) in subjects reporting a first-degree relative with laryngeal cancer, as compared to subjects with no family history. The OR was higher when the relative was diagnosed before 60 years of age (OR 5 3.5, 95% CI 1.4-8.8). As compared to subjects without family history, non-smokers, and moderate drinkers, the OR was 37.1 (95% CI 9.9-139.4) for current smokers, heavy drinkers, with family history of laryngeal cancer. Family history of colorectal (OR 5 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.3) and kidney (OR 5 3.8, 95% CI 1.2-12.1) cancer were also associated to an increased risk of laryngeal cancer, while no significant increase in risk was found for family history of cancer at all sites, excluding the larynx (OR 5 1.1).Alcohol and tobacco consumption are well-recognized risk factors for laryngeal cancer.1-3 A few epidemiologic studies have investigated the risk of laryngeal cancer in subjects with family history of cancer. In the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, only four cases had a family history of cancer at the same site. 4 A study based on a Utah population database including 246 laryngeal cancer cases found a standardized incidence ratio of 8.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-17.9) for subjects with family history of laryngeal cancer.5 A case-control study conducted in China on 288 cases found an odds ratio (OR) of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.2-4.5) in subjects with family history of any malignancy. 6 The International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium (INHANCE) pooled data from 12 case-control studies, on a total of 2,357 laryngeal cancer cases, and showed an OR of 2.1 (95% CI, 1.6-2.7) in subjects reporting a first degree relative with a head and neck cancer. 7Scanty information is available on the variation of risk for family history in relation to age, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and type of affected relative, or on the association of family history of other than laryngeal neoplasms. Thus, we investigated the relationship between family history of laryngeal and other cancers and the risk of laryngeal cancer using data from a large case-control study conducted in Italy and Switzerland. Part of these data was included in the INHANCE study. Material and MethodsA case-control study of laryngeal cancer was conducted between 1992 and 2009 in the greater Milan area and the provinces of Pordenone in northern Italy, and in the Swiss Canton of Vaud.8 Data...

LncRNA MEG3 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in laryngeal cancer via miR‐23a/APAF‐1 axis

“…Smoking and alcohol are considered as common major risk factors for laryngeal cancer . Moreover, some researchers have found that people with a family history of cancer are also susceptible to laryngeal cancer, which implicates that genetic factors serve an important role in the occurrence and progression of laryngeal cancer . Growing evidence has demonstrated that some tumour suppressor genes, such as CDKN2A, TP53 and CTNNA2, are down‐regulated or inactivated in laryngeal cancer tissues and contributed to the tumorigenesis of laryngeal cancer .…”

“…Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), located in human chromosome 14q32. 3 region, has been identified as a LncRNA because its transcript lacks a significant open reading frame. MEG3 is found to be down-regulated in cancer tissues and lost in some cancer cells.…”

Management of Advanced Laryngeal Cancer

“…Major risk factors include smoking1,2 and alcohol consumption 1–3. Other risk factors include asbestos exposure,4,5 industrial pollution,6 history of larynx cancer in a first-degree relative,7 and inadequate intake of anti-oxidant micronutrients found in fresh fruit and vegetables 8–10. Males are more commonly affected, and most patients are aged over 40 years.…”

Advanced Laryngeal Cancer (Literature Review)

“…Основными факторами риска являются курение и употребление алкоголя [1][2][3]. К другим факторам риска относится воздействие асбеста [4,5], промышленное загрязнение [6], наличие рака гортани у родственников первой линии [7] и недостаточное употребление антиоксидантов, содержащихся в свежих фруктах и овощах [8][9][10]. Возраст большинства пациентов превышает 40 лет, причем мужчины страдают чаще женщин.…”