Family history and the risk of prostate cancer

Steinberg, Gary D.; Carter, Bob S.; Beaty, Terri H.; Childs, Barton; Walsh, Patrick C.

doi:10.1002/pros.2990170409

Cited by 583 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several studies (Steinberg et al, 1990;Spitz et al, 1991) reported a higher rate of prostate cancer in family members of cases than in family members of controls. In our study, the difference in the number of brothers affected by the same malignant tumour could be the result of cases having more brothers than controls, although fathers, grandfathers and sons of cases more frequently had prostate cancer than the same relatives of controls; because the case group was not large enough, this association was not found to be an independent one.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Ilic

Vlajinac²,

Marinković³

1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (±2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)= 3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR= 3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (>3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Ilic

Vlajinac²,

Marinković³

1996

Br J Cancer

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“…Evidence exists for a hereditary pre disposition to prostate cancer, but the proportion of all cases at tributable to a genetic cause is not large. To characterize familial prostate cancer, our group documented that a positive family history of prostate cancer is a useful index of individual risk (2,5) and that there is an increased risk for the development of prostate cancer both with an increasing number of affected rela tives and with earlier age at onset in the proband (i.e., identified case patient) (2,4). Using a test of various models to define this familial clustering, it is best explained by the autosomal domi nant inheritance of a rare, yet highly penetrant, gene that pre disposes men to the early development of prostate cancer (4).…”

Section: Sarah D Isaacs Lambertus a L M Kiemeney Agnes Baffoe-bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study population and the method of data collection are described in detail elsewhere (2). The case families were ascertained through 741 consecutive probands undergoing radical prostatectomy for primary, clinically localized prostate cancer at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, between 1982 and 1989.…”

Section: Case-control Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Cancer in Relatives of Prostate Cancer Probands

Isaacs

Kiemeney

Baffoe-Bonnie

et al. 1995

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

135

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Background: It is estimated that there will be more than 244 000 new prostate cancer cases diagnosed and that more than 40 000 men will die of this disease during 1995. Evidence exists for a hereditary predisposition to prostate cancer, but the propor tion of cases attributable to the inheritance of a specific gene or genes is not large. Some hereditary cancer syndromes in volve more than one tumor site, and some studies have reported a familial association between prostate cancer and other cancers. The presence of other cancers in prostate can cer families may indicate a specific type of hereditary predisposition. Purpose: We studied families that were selected because of the presence of prostate cancer to deter mine whether hereditary prostate cancer is associated with cancers at other sites and possibly with other heritable can cer syndromes. Methods: Data from two distinct study populations were studied retrospectively. The first popula tion consisted of 690 case patients undergoing radical pros tatectomy who were not selected for family history of prostate cancer and 640 control subjects who were the spouses or female companions of the case patients. The second population consisted of 75 multiplex families (i.e., families with multiple cases of prostate cancer) referred be cause they fulfilled the criteria for hereditary prostate can cer. A comparison between case and control populations for the occurrence of 14 aggregated groups of cancer was per formed. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression, and relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Brothers and fathers of prostate cancer probands have a statistically significant higher risk of prostate cancer than the male first-degree relatives of control subjects (RR = 1.76; 95% Cl = 1.28-2.43). Therefore, the risk for prostate cancer is 76% higher among first-de gree relatives of prostate cancer patients compared with first-degree relatives of control subjects. This higher risk was not modified by an occurrence of breast cancer in the pedigree. Also, a statistically significant higher risk was found for tumors of the central nervous system in hereditary families (RR = 3.02; 95% Cl = 1.08-8.41). Statistically sig nificant higher risks of cancer at other major sites, such as breast, ovary, or endometrium were not observed in these families. Conclusion: Even among families that were specifi cally selected because of the presence of prostate cancer, risks for cancer at other sites appeared not to be increased. Therefore, hereditary prostate cancer appears to be a rela tively site-specific disease, and it does not seem to be a part of other hereditary cancer syndromes. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87:991-996,1995]

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“…7,8 A meta-analysis of multiple studies suggested that the risk is higher for men with a brother affected than a father, and that the familial risk is higher for early onset disease. 9 In Sweden, a nation-wide registry of cases was used to document 3-to 10-fold higher risks in men with a family history and genetic factors account for 12% of the disease.…”

Section: Family History and Familial Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and genomics of prostate cancer

Dean¹,

Li²

2013

Asian J Androl

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in the world with over 890 000 cases and over 258 000 deaths worldwide each year. Nearly all mortalities from PCa are due to metastatic disease, typically through tumors that evolve to be hormone-refractory or castrate-resistant. Despite intensive epidemiological study, there are few known environmental risk factors, and age and family history are the major determinants. However, there is extreme heterogeneity in PCa incidence worldwide, suggesting that major determining factors have not been described. Genome-wide association studies have been performed and a considerable number of significant, but low-risk loci have been identified. In addition, several groups have analyzed PCa by determination of genomic copy number, fusion gene generation and targeted resequencing of candidate genes, as well as exome and whole genome sequencing. These initial studies have examined both primary and metastatic tumors as well as murine xenografts and identified somatic alterations in TP53 and other potential driver genes, and the disturbance of androgen response and cell cycle pathways. It is hoped that continued characterization of risk factors as well as gene mutation and misregulation in tumors will aid in understanding, diagnosing and better treating PCa.

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Family history and the risk of prostate cancer

Cited by 583 publications

References 20 publications

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Risk of Cancer in Relatives of Prostate Cancer Probands

Genetics and genomics of prostate cancer

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