Family functioning, resilience, and depression among North Korean refugees

Nam, Boyoung; Kim, Jae Yop; DeVylder, Jordan; Song, Ahyoung

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.063

Cited by 68 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…years of education or educational level) were mixed. Higher educational level in North Korea was inversely associated with emotional and behavioural problems of young and adult NKRs in several studies (Cho, Kim, & Kim, 2011; Choi, Lee, & Kim, 2009; Kim, 2010; Kim et al, 2010; Song, Shin, Lee, Kim, & Jun, 2016), but not in others (Chang & Son, 2014; Cho, Kim, & You, 2009; Kim, Kim, & Lee, 2013; Nam et al, 2016). In one 3-year follow-up study, NKRs who received higher education in North Korea exhibited less depressive symptoms at the beginning of the study; however, this association disappeared after three years (Cho, Jeun, Yu, & Um, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Firstly, for emotional disorders, 33–51% of NKRs were classified as having depressive symptoms in eight studies (Ahn et al, 2012; Choi, Min, Cho, Joung, & Park, 2011; Jeon et al, 2009; Kim et al, 2011; Kim, Kim, Kim, Cho, & Lee, 2011; Lee et al, 2007; Y. Lee, J. Jun, Y. Lee et al, 2016; Nam, Kim, DeVylder, & Song, 2016); and 43–54% of NKRs were classified as having anxiety symptoms in two studies (Ahn et al, 2012; Choi et al, 2011). When using a single scale for both depression and anxiety symptoms, 10–48% of NKRs were classified as having a clinical level of depression and anxiety symptoms in four studies (Cho & Kim, 2010; Y. Kim, 2013; Kim, Jeon, & Cho, 2010; Shin, Lee, & Park, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lim et al (2010)Adult NKRs20235.6Psychological symptoms (PSI-NKR-A)NoY. Lim and Han (2016)Adult NKRs44540.3PTSD (a scale developed for NKRs)NoNam et al (2016)Adult NKRs30441.0Depression (CES-D)NoJ. Park et al (2015)Adult NKRs19938.6 (19–74)PTSD (IES-R), Depression (CES-D)NoY.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al (2007)DepressionAdult NKRs177CES-DCut-off score: 2146%Y. Lee et al (2016a)DepressionAdult NKRs304CES-DCut-off score: 2444%Nam et al (2016)DepressionAdolescent NKRs108HADSCut-off score: 836%S. Choi et al (2011)Depression and anxietyFemale adult NKRs401HSCL-25Cut-off score: 1.7510%Cho and Kim (2010)Depression and anxietyAdolescent NKRs200HSCL-25Cut-off score: 1.7531%Y.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, 49.3–81.4% of adult NKRs reported having directly experienced or witnessed at least one type of life-threatening events (Kim, 2012b; Nam et al, 2016), including starvation, public execution, and being sent to a correction facility (Jeon et al, 2008). Adolescent NKRs are not an exception: around 71% of adolescents NKRs reported having undergone at least one traumatic incident in one report (Kim, 2013), and the average number of traumatic incidents was 2.5 in another report (Kim, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental health status of North Korean refugees in South Korea and risk and protective factors: a 10-year review of the literature

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Park³

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: North Korean refugees (NKRs) are often exposed to traumatic events in North Korea and during their defection. Furthermore, they face sociocultural barriers in adapting to the new society to which they have defected. Objective: To integrate previous findings on this mentally vulnerable population, we systematically reviewed articles on the mental health of NKRs in South Korea. Method: We searched for empirical studies conducted in the last 10 years in six online databases (international journals: Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science; Korean journals: DBPIA, KMbase) through June 2017. Only quantitative studies using new empirical data on the mental health of NKRs were included. We summarized the 56 studies ultimately selected in terms of NKRs’ mental health status and three domains of associated factors: pre- and post-settlement factors and personal factors. Results: NKRs had a high prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. We identified nine risk factors consistently found in previous studies, including traumatic experience, longer stay periods in third country, forced repatriation, acculturative stress, low income, older age, poor physical health, and female and male sex, as well as four protective factors, including educational level in North Korea, social support, family relationship quality, and resilience. Conclusions: We suggest that future studies focus on the causal interactions between different risk and protective factors and mental health outcomes among NKRs from a longitudinal perspective. Furthermore, comprehensive policies for NKRs’ psychological adaptation are needed, particularly the development of evidence-based mental health interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mental health status of North Korean refugees in South Korea and risk and protective factors: a 10-year review of the literature

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Park³

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Changes in depressive symptoms among family caregivers of patients with cancer after bereavement and their association with resilience: A prospective cohort study

Shimizu

Hayashi

Maeda³

et al. 2021

Psycho-Oncology

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Objectives: To elucidate changes in depressive symptoms after bereavement and the impact of pre-loss resilience on such changes and on the extent of complicated grief and posttraumatic growth. Methods: Prospective cohort surveys were provided to family caregivers of patients with cancer in four palliative care units (PCUs) before and after bereavement. Preloss Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale scores, pre-and post-loss Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores, post-loss Brief Grief Questionnaire scores, and the expanded Posttraumatic Growth Inventory scores were determined.Results: Out of 186 bereaved family caregivers, 71 (38.2%) responses were analyzed, among which 47% pre-loss and 15% post-loss responses suggested to be a high risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). Approximately 90% of family caregivers at a high risk for post-loss MDD were already at a high risk for pre-loss MDD.

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Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

Ciaramella

Monacelli

Cocimano

2021

J Immigrant Minority Health

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This systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

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Family functioning, resilience, and depression among North Korean refugees

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

Mental health status of North Korean refugees in South Korea and risk and protective factors: a 10-year review of the literature

Mental health status of North Korean refugees in South Korea and risk and protective factors: a 10-year review of the literature

Changes in depressive symptoms among family caregivers of patients with cancer after bereavement and their association with resilience: A prospective cohort study

Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

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