Family Environment Factors in Alcohol and Drug Misuse among Indonesian Students: Indonesia National Narcotics Survey of Students

Abstract

The family environment has an important role in determining children’s personality and behavior. This study examined the impact of the family environment on alcohol and drug misuse among Indonesian students. Data were obtained from the National Illicit Drug Use Survey of students in Indonesia in 2016, conducted in 18 provinces. The subjects were 35,340 students from 1284 schools and universities with an age range of 12-25 years. The survey used the self-administered modified NODC Structured Illicit Drug questionnaire. The results show that 13.7% of students ever drank alcohol and 2.1% of students misused drugs within the previous year. Among students who drank alcohol, 11% also used drugs. In the latter group, they were likely to have been victims of verbal and physical violence by their parents and never discussed any problems with their parents. Living with a family with existing risky behavior (alcohol drinking and/or drug misuse) was the strongest risk factor of alcohol drinking (aOR: 4.78; 4.27-5.37) and drug misuse (aOR: 2.32; 1.79-3.01). These results indicate that the family environment affects these risky behaviors in this target population. Making adjustments through parental support, control, and parenting style, particularly in initiating parent–child communication, may have benefits in preventing alcohol drinking and drug use in this target population.

Alcohol Use and Its Relation with Demographic, Environmental, and Psychological Factors among Adolescents in Nabawan, Sabah

“…Selection of variables for the multiple logistic https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm. 23 Using a stepwise selection method (probability stepwise entry was set at 0.05 and removal at 0.1) comparing forward selection (LR) and backward elimination (LR) for better adjustment of potential confounding factors, the selection of independent variables of the preliminary model was narrowed further. Based on the forward (LR) method, the variables that yielded significant P-values are age, peer and parental alcohol use, discussing serious problems, and monitoring by parents.…”

“…Other environment-related variables were verbal violence (ever experienced cursing with dirty words, underestimating their abilities, and insulting from parents), physical violence (ever experienced slapping/punching/kicking/hitting, being punished by withholding food, being hit by a belt or other rough object, being forced to work for money from parents), low bonding (ever experienced any of these conditions: family never give warmth and attention, the family never shares stories and experiences, the family never helps if there is a family member who has a problem), low monitoring (ever experienced any of these conditions: parents never call or are anxious if I get home, parents did not care where I went or when parents never asked who my close friends are), and discuss serious problems (whether respondents usually talked about personal problems with their parents). 23) Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test 10 (AUDIT-10) was used to measure alcohol use. The AUDIT is a simple and effective method of screening for harmful alcohol use, which is defined as risky or hazardous consumption or any alcohol use disorder.…”