Family Drug Court, Targeted Parent Training and Family Reunification: Did this Enhanced Service Strategy Make A Difference?

Brook, Jody; Akin, Becci A.; Lloyd, Margaret; Yan, Yueqi

doi:10.1111/jfcj.12028

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Child welfare opinion leaders have identified evidence‐based behavioural parenting interventions (EBPIs) as a critical strategy for addressing maltreatment and improving child welfare outcomes (Barth et al, ; Horwitz, Chamberlain, Landsverk, & Mullican, ), including for families affected by substance use (Barth, ). Brook and colleagues have also shown that a group‐based EBPI promotes reunification among parents affected by substances with children in foster care (Brook, Akin, Lloyd, Johnson‐Motoyama, & Yan, ; Brook, Akin, Lloyd, & Yan, ; Brook, McDonald, & Yan, ). Despite efforts to expand EBPIs to child welfare, a formidable barrier is parental engagement and service completion as an intervention has little chance of improving outcomes unless families engage in the intervention (Berliner et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent perspectives of engagement in the strengthening families program: An evidence‐based intervention for families in child welfare and affected by parental substance use

Akin

Johnson‐Motoyama

Davis

et al. 2018

Child & Family Social Work

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Despite growing use of evidence‐based parenting interventions (EBPIs) in child welfare settings, few qualitative studies have obtained parents' direct views and feedback on these programs. Further, engagement in EBPIs continues to present challenges in a child welfare context, particularly for parents affected by substances. We sought to understand parents' experiences of the supports and barriers to engagement in an EBPI. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 parents who were involved in child welfare and a family drug treatment court, affected by parental substance use, and had recently completed the Strengthening Families Program. Our results indicated that barriers and supports comprised individual, provider, and programmatic factors. A prevalent theme was providers' abilities to build supportive helping relationships and facilitate a dynamic group effectively. Also significant were pragmatic program features that directly assisted families' access and ongoing participation, such as transportation and scheduling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent perspectives of engagement in the strengthening families program: An evidence‐based intervention for families in child welfare and affected by parental substance use

Akin

Johnson‐Motoyama

Davis

et al. 2018

Child & Family Social Work

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“…Family drug courts (FDCs) are specialized courts within the justice system, which handle cases of child abuse and neglect that involve substance use by the child's parents or guardians (Brook et al 2015;Chuang et al 2012). FDCs are one method of addressing parental substance use disorders and parenting issues within the court and child welfare systems, using a collaborative, family-centered approach (Children and Family Futures 2015).…”

Section: Family Drug Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FDCs are one method of addressing parental substance use disorders and parenting issues within the court and child welfare systems, using a collaborative, family-centered approach (Children and Family Futures 2015). Also called family treatment courts, family treatment drug courts, or family dependency treatment courts, FDCs operate as alternatives to traditional family courts or dependency courts and work to balance the rights and needs of both parents and children (Brook et al 2015). The overall goal of FDCs is to reduce child maltreatment by treating parents' underlying substance use disorders through a coordinated and collaborative approach that involves a multitude of agencies and professionals such as the court system, child protective services (CPS) or child welfare, substance use treatment providers, and the attorneys involved in the case (Pach 2008;Gifford et al 2014).…”

Section: Family Drug Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve the aim of ASFA and to address the high number of dependency cases of child maltreatment and neglect that involve parents with a substance use disorder, FDCs identify and assess parents' needs, provide access to treatment, attempt to remove barriers that may impact successful completion of treatment (such as helping parents to develop skills to achieve recovery), and provide ongoing monitoring of parental compliance (Pach 2008). FDCs also help parents to become emotionally and financially self-sufficient and provide them with tools to become responsible parents (Brook et al 2015; Office of Justice Programs Drug Court Clearinghouse and Technical Assistance Project [DCCTAP] 1998). Children's needs are simultaneously addressed, as the likelihood of reunification is increased when family and children's services are provided at a high level in substance use treatment (Grella et al 2009).…”

Section: Family Drug Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2013, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) developed a list of 10 recommendations for implementing FDCs (Children and Family Futures 2015). These recommendations focused on the need for a centralized mission, collaborative partnerships in public and community-based agencies, and ensuring that the needs of both parents and children are considered (Brook et al 2015; Children and Family Futures 2015).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Family Drug Courtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family drug courts

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Psychosocial, pharmacological, and legal interventions for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children with substance misusing parents: A systematic review

Eggins,

Wilson,

Betts

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundParental substance misuse is a pervasive risk factor for a range of detrimental outcomes for children across the life course. While a variety of interventions have been developed for this population, the existing evidence‐base requires consolidation and consideration of the comparative effectiveness of different interventions to facilitate evidence‐informed decisions between different intervention approaches.ObjectivesThis review aimed to use network meta‐analysis to synthesise the comparative effectiveness of psychosocial, legal, and pharmacological interventions for improving outcomes for children with substance misusing parents. Network meta‐analysis was not possible; however, we synthesised the effects of a broad range of interventions on child psychosocial outcomes. Another aim was to examine potential moderators of the effects, yet this was also not possible due to data limitations. A secondary objective was to qualitatively synthesise economic, treatment completion, and treatment acceptability information for included studies.Search MethodsSearches were performed in November 2020 and again in April 2021. Encompassing multiple disciplines, we searched 34 databases, 58 grey literature repositories, and 10 trial registers. Supplementary hand searches were conducted on 11 journals, along with harvesting the references of all included studies and existing reviews, and forward citation searching each report of all included studies. Study authors were contacted to obtain missing data.Selection CriteriaEligible studies included randomised and quasi‐experimental evaluations of psychosocial, pharmacological, and/or legal interventions using either a placebo, no treatment, waitlist control, treatment‐as‐usual, or alternative treatment as a comparison condition. Study participants needed to be comprised of families with children under the age of 18 with one or more currently substance‐misusing parents (or caregivers). Studies were required to evaluate the eligible intervention using a child‐focused psychosocial outcome. If reported in eligible studies, the following secondary outcomes were also synthesised in the review: cost‐effectiveness, treatment completion, length of time in treatment and acceptability of treatment (e.g., participant perspectives of the intervention). There were no restrictions placed on publication status or geographic location, however only research written in English was included.Data Collection and AnalysisStandard methodological procedures were followed across all stages of the review, as guided by the published protocol for the review (Eggins et al., 2020). Due to the inability to conduct network meta‐analyses, random effects pairwise meta‐analyses with inverse variance were used to synthesise effects when two or more studies with conceptually similar interventions and outcomes were available. Results of the meta‐analyses are displayed in forest plots, and separate analyses are provided for conceptually distinct outcomes and time‐points of measurement. Sensitivity analyses are used to explore possible sources of heterogeneity in the absence of sufficient studies to conduct subgroup analyses.Main Results99 studies (reported in 231 documents) met review inclusion criteria, encompassing 22,213 participants. Most studies were conducted in the United States (k = 76), almost half were randomised controlled trials (k = 46), and the most common comparator was treatment‐as‐usual (k = 50). Interventions were evaluated using a large range of child psychosocial outcomes which broadly fell under: (a) child welfare; (b) child development; (c) child emotional and behavioural; and (d) educational domains. Intervention models were rarely only legal or pharmacological in nature, with most studies evaluating integrated psychosocial treatments with either pharmacology, coordinated health care, case‐management, and/or judicial or child welfare oversight and coordination. Thirty‐six meta‐analyses and 227 single effect sizes were used to appraise the effectiveness of included interventions, based on 68 studies with sufficient data for effect size calculation. The size and direction of the effects varied across interventions, type of outcomes, and time‐point of measurement. Twenty‐seven meta‐analyses and 186 single effect sizes suggested null effects. Only five single effect size estimates based on three studies indicated negative effects including: higher depressive and somatisation symptoms (parent‐report), hopelessness (child‐report), educational achievement difficulties (parent‐report), and substantiated child protection reports for those engaged with interventions versus treatment‐as‐usual or no treatment. Nine meta‐analyses and 36 single study effect estimates suggest that psychosocial, pharmacological and/or legal interventions have a positive effect on a range of specific child welfare, developmental, and emotional/behavioural outcomes for children. The risk of bias varied across domains and studies, which further lowers confidence in the results. Based on a subset of included studies, treatment completion tends to vary, yet cost‐benefits can be achieved when intervening with children whose parents misuse substances.Authors' ConclusionsDespite a large body of evaluation evidence, disparate outcomes, and missing data precluded analyses to formally examine the comparative effectiveness of psychosocial, legal, and pharmacological interventions for improving outcomes for children with substance misusing parents. The large amount of unreported (missing) data meant that many effect estimates were underpowered due to single studies and small sample sizes. The review findings suggest that interventions for families affected by parental substance misuse can be effective when they holistically address multiple domains such as parent wellbeing/mental health, parenting, children's wellbeing, and/or other factors impacting family wellbeing (e.g., housing).

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Family Drug Court, Targeted Parent Training and Family Reunification: Did this Enhanced Service Strategy Make A Difference?

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Parent perspectives of engagement in the strengthening families program: An evidence‐based intervention for families in child welfare and affected by parental substance use

Parent perspectives of engagement in the strengthening families program: An evidence‐based intervention for families in child welfare and affected by parental substance use

Family drug courts

Psychosocial, pharmacological, and legal interventions for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children with substance misusing parents: A systematic review

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