Family Childcare Types and Conduct Problem Behaviors in Young Children: The Mediation Role of Caregiver-Child Interaction

Liu, Li; Fan, Lijun; Hou, Xiang-Yu; Wu, Chuan An; Yin, Xingli; Wen, Guo Min; Sun, Dingyong; Xian, Dan Xia; Jiang, Hongwei; Jin, Jing; Yu, Jun; Chen, Wei Qing

doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00217

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Third, information was provided by parents and collected by a self-administered questionnaire, which might lead to unintentional reporting bias and thus influence the exact relationships with myopia. However, confidence in the current study findings is based on the previous use of these questionnaires and consistency with the findings of past studies ( 25 , 26 , 28 , 49 , 50 ). Fourth, myopia cases were identified based on the outcomes of a large sample vision screening and if necessary further eye testing and diagnosis at an ophthalmic clinic and then reported by primary caregivers; the number of steps involved in this process has the potential to lead to misclassification of refraction problems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Combination Effect of Outdoor Activity and Screen Exposure on Risk of Preschool Myopia: Findings From Longhua Child Cohort Study

Schmid

Yin

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Evidence regarding screen use and outdoor activity during very early childhood (i. e., from aged 1 to 3 years) and their potential combined links to the later preschool myopia is limited. This information is needed to release effective public health messages and propose intervention strategies against preschool myopia. We collected information regarding very early childhood screen use, outdoor activity and the kindergartens vision screenings of 26,611 preschoolers from Longhua Child Cohort Study by questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between reported outdoor activity, screen use from 1 to 3 years of age, and preschool myopia. Throughout very early childhood, from 1 to 3 years, the proportion of children exposed to screens increased (from 35.8 to 68.4%, p < 0.001), whereas the proportion of children who went outdoors ≥7 times/week (67.4–62.1%, p < 0.001) and who went outdoors for ≥60 min/time (53.3–38.0%, p < 0.001) declined. Exposure to fixed screen devices [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.09–3.44], mobile screen devices (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI = 2.15–3.58), and limited outdoor activity (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.42–2.51) during early childhood were associated with preschool myopia. Among children whose parents were myopic, the interactions between outdoor activity and fixed or mobile screen use on later preschool myopia were significant; the ORs and 95% CI were 3.34 (1.19–9.98) and 3.04 (1.06–9.21), respectively. Our findings suggest the possibility that the impact of screen exposure during early childhood on preschool myopia could be diminished by outdoor activity for children whose parents have myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Combination Effect of Outdoor Activity and Screen Exposure on Risk of Preschool Myopia: Findings From Longhua Child Cohort Study

Schmid

Yin

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Participants of this research were recruited from the baseline survey of the Longhua Child Cohort Study (LCCS) which mainly assessed the influence of early-life family and school environment upon psycho-behavioural development of Chinese children [18]. A total of 29,595 preschoolers aged 2 to 7 years participated in this study.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Screen Exposure in Early Life and Myopia amongst Chinese Preschoolers

Yang

Huang

Schmid

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study aimed to explore the association between screen exposure in early life and preschool myopia. During the baseline survey of the Longhua Child Cohort Study (LCCS), data of 29,595 preschoolers were collected via a caregiver-reported questionnaire regarding children’s socio-demographic characteristics, visual status, screen exposure and relevant parental information. Data of 26,433 preschoolers with normal eyesight or myopia were included in the analysis and cox regression modelling was employed to assess the associations. Results suggested the hypothesis that screen exposure in early life could be significantly and positively associated with preschool myopia, and in agreement with this hypothesis was the association being strengthened with the increasing daily exposure duration and total years of exposure; in the stratification analysis based on the presence of parental myopia, these associations still existed, and the strength of associations was stronger in preschoolers with myopic parents than those without. Moreover, a statistically significant association was only observed between initial screen exposure that occurred during 0–1-years old and myopia for preschoolers without myopic parents, while the significant associations were observed between initial screen exposure that occurred during 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and after 3 years old and myopia for preschoolers who had myopic parents, with the strongest association found in the group of children initially exposed to electronic screens during 0–1 year old. Thus our findings indicated the hypothesis that screen exposure in early life might be associated with the occurrence of preschool myopia, and that the postnatal first year might be the sensitive period for the association. However, it is premature to conclude that early screen time leads to myopia with current data. Further longitudinal studies performed with cycloplegia are necessary to verify the hypothesis and shed light on the more urgent question whether early screen exposure contributes to the later myopia epidemic of school-aged children.

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“…23 Some studies found grandmothers are beneficial for child height 24 25 and educational participation, 26 while others found grandmothers have negative effects on child health, 27 feeding practices 21 and weight. 14 28 With few exceptions, [29][30][31][32][33] the majority of quantitative studies in LMIC of grandmother caregiving on child outcomes operationalise grandmother involvement crudely as household coresidence with the grandchild 13 14 21 22 26 34 35 or use proxies such as whether the grandmother is still alive. 25 36 37 Though studies have illuminated the impacts of grandmother presence [36][37][38] these crude measures do not operationalise the type, frequency or temporality of a grandmother's involvement with child caregiving activities.…”

Section: Bmj Global Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of grandmother involvement to child growth and development: an observational study in rural Pakistan

et al. 2020

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IntroductionEarly childhood interventions primarily focus on the mother–child relationship, but grandmothers are often critical in childcare in low-resource settings. Prior research is mixed on how grandmother involvement influences child outcomes and there is a paucity of research on grandmother caregiving in low-income and middle-income countries. We examined the role of grandmother involvement on child growth and development in the first 2 years of life cross sectionally and longitudinally in rural Pakistan.MethodsWe used data from the Bachpan Cohort, a longitudinal birth cohort in rural Pakistan. Maternally reported grandmother involvement in daily instrumental and non-instrumental caregiving was collected at 3 and 12 months. A summed score was created and categorised into non-involved, low and high. Outcomes included 12-month and 24-month child growth, 12-month Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and 24-month Ages and Stages Questionnaire—Socioemotional. We used multivariable generalised linear models to estimate mean differences (MD) at 12 months (n=727) and 24 months (n=712). Inverse probability weighting was used to account for missingness and sampling.ResultsIn our sample, 68% of children lived with a grandmother, and most grandmothers were involved in caregiving. Greater 3-month grandmother involvement was positively associated with 12-month weight z-scores; however, greater involvement was associated with lower 24-month weight z-scores. High 12-month grandmother involvement was associated with improved 12-month cognitive (MD=0.38, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.76), fine motor skills (MD=0.45, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.83) and 24-month socioemotional development (MD=−17.83, 95% CI −31.47 to –4.19). No meaningful associations were found for length z-scores or language development.ConclusionIn rural Pakistan, grandmothers provide caregiving that influences early child development. Our findings highlight the complex relationship between grandmother involvement and child weight, and suggest that grandmothers may positively promote early child cognitive, fine motor and socioemotional development. Understanding how grandmother involvement affects child outcomes in early life is necessary to inform caregiving interventions.

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Family Childcare Types and Conduct Problem Behaviors in Young Children: The Mediation Role of Caregiver-Child Interaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Combination Effect of Outdoor Activity and Screen Exposure on Risk of Preschool Myopia: Findings From Longhua Child Cohort Study

Combination Effect of Outdoor Activity and Screen Exposure on Risk of Preschool Myopia: Findings From Longhua Child Cohort Study

Associations Between Screen Exposure in Early Life and Myopia amongst Chinese Preschoolers

The contribution of grandmother involvement to child growth and development: an observational study in rural Pakistan

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