Family and social predictors of substance use disorder in Iran: a case-control study

Abstract

Background The problem of substance use disorder in Iran is of great national concern. The aim of this study was to measure the association between substance use disorder and demographic, social and behavioral factors in Yasuj city, located at southwest of Iran. Methods As the second phase of a previously published study, this case-control study was conducted in 2015–2016 on 362 addicted participants and 207 controls (with no history of substance use disorder). The control group was selected from male hospital visitors in Yasuj city during the same period of selection of the case group. The required information was collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Results Based on the results of multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between the number of sisters (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.68 to 0.99, P = 0.04), history of smoking (OR yes/no = 19.89, 95%CI = 10.02 to 39.49, P < 0.001), leisure time activity (OR with friends/home = 8.98, 95%CI = 3.99 to 20.19, P < 0.001) and substance use disorder. Conclusion This study introduced smoking, number of sisters, education and way of spending leisure time as predictors of substance use disorder. Among these factors, smoking was the most powerful risk factor and spending leisure time with family and having sister were the most powerful preventive factors for substance use disorder.

Household Socio-Cultural and Economic Predictors of Drug and Substance Abuse among High School Students in Kisumu East Sub County, Kisumu County –Kenya

“…Consistent with study findings by Njoki, (2013); Simatwa et al, (2014); Sajjadi et al, (2015); Shahraki et al, (2019), students who received unnecessary generous amount of pocket money were also more likely to abuse drugs and substance abuse compared to those who never received any because they have more cash at hand which they use to buy these drugs or even join other friends at entertainment joints where drugs and other substances are served without supervision.…”

“…For instance, a substantial number of students aged 13 -17 years in several national and private schools in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan admitted that they are drug abusers. Most of these students come from middle and upper class families hence given unnecessary generous amount of pocket money per month which they use to easily obtain illegal drugs (Sajjadi et al, 2015;Shahraki et al, 2019). Similarly in Kenya, studies have revealed that family economic set up of a child influences his/her habits in that, students who receive more pocket money tend to engage more in drug abuse to an extent of converging with friend for alcoholic drinks during weekends and holidays than their counterparts who get less pocket money (Njoki, 2013;Simatwa et al, 2014).…”

“…Parents who involve their children in drug use either by asking them to get them a beer or to light a cigarette, increase the likelihood that teens will use or abuse drugs since youth are more apt to get involved in alcohol use when parents are tolerant of children's use with few or in consistent rewards for non-use (Olumide et al, 2014). Moreover, a household with one cigarette smoker doubles the likelihood that a teen will smoke or expect to smoke since young people learn from what they see by imitating what their parent and other significant people in the community do; the stronger the relationship between an individual and their drug user relatives, the higher the risk of him/her becoming a drug user (Shahraki et al, 2019). However, modelling of drug use by older siblings appears to be a better predictor of a younger brother's use than parental use (Cheloti, 2013;Chebukaka, 2014).…”

Prevalence of Tobacco use and Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from Kong Cohort Study in the South of Iran

“…As it was expected, lifetime drug abuse correlated with cigarette smoking [4]. Concerning this, a number of studies pointed to the strong association of the history of cigarette smoking and illicit drugs [57,58]. Moreover, exposure to ETS correlated with hookah or cigarette smoking.…”

The Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders Among University Students, a Cross-Sectional Study

“…Iranian minister of internal affairs reported the SUD as the cause for 50% of divorces in Iran. Also, some mental complications such as de-pression, suicide, interpersonal relationship disorder are serious problems among individuals with substance abuse (11). The risky sexual behaviors is very high in young men with SUD (12).…”