Family and peer predictors of substance use from early adolescence to early adulthood: An 11-year prospective analysis

Abstract

The focus of this study was social (i.e., family and peer) influences on substance use from early adolescence to early adulthood. A large, ethnically diverse sample of early adolescents (N = 998) was followed from age 12 to age 23. We tested direct and indirect effects of parental monitoring, family relationship quality, and association with deviant peers on change in substance use across time. Outcomes for tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were analyzed as separate pathways within the same overall model. The results suggest that a significant shift in the nature of family influence occurred across adolescence and into early adulthood, but deviant peer influence was relatively consistent across this period. Specifically, parental monitoring and deviant peer association were predictive of substance use in early adolescence, but family relationship quality was a significant predictor across the transition to high school and generally continued to predict use into later adolescence, as did association with deviant peers. Deviant peers were the only significant predictor in early adulthood. Our results also suggested that parental monitoring and family relationship quality indirectly predicted later substance use by way of deviant peers, implying that an important aspect of the family context is its influence on choice of friends and peer group composition. Implications for family-based prevention and intervention are discussed.

Non-medical use of prescription drugs by young men: impact of potentially traumatic events and of social-environmental stressors

“…Parental monitoring of an adolescent’s choice of peers has been shown to be an important protective factor of SU (Van Ryzin, Fosco, & Dishion, 2012). Several studies have also established the important protective effects of parental involvement and monitoring on adolescent NMUPD (Sung et al, 2005; Vaughn, Fu, Perron, & Wu, 2012).…”

Perception of Parenting and its Relationship to the Onset of Drug Use in Mexican Adolescents

“…Diagrama de dispersión entre la edad de inicio del consumo de sustancias y la dimensión de calidez el hecho de que los hijos perciban un mayor número de prácticas relativas a la expresión física y verbal de aceptación, confianza, apoyo o respeto por parte de los dos padres, se asocia con una mayor edad en el inicio del consumo de sustancias adictivas como el tabaco, la marihuana y la cocaína. Estos señalamientos convergen con los de otras investigaciones (17)(18)(19) donde se ha encontrado que los comportamientos parentales con predominio de muestras de afecto, respeto, apoyo e interés hacia los hijos constituyen factores protectores contra la cantidad de consumo de sustancias adictivas y otras conductas no saludables.…”

“…Se ha encontrado que una crianza con presencia de afecto, apoyo y monitoreo se relaciona con una menor probabilidad de consumir sustancias en la vida y también con un menor consumo reciente por parte de los hijos (17)(18)(19). Por su parte, poca comunicación y apoyo para los hijos se asocia con mayor consumo de sustancias como el alcohol, el tabaco y la marihuana (20,21).…”

Comparing intact and non-intact families in terms of trends in adolescent weekly tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking (Poland: 2002-2014)

“…The negative impact of peers may be limited by a well-functioning family or a strong motivation to study [3]. The protective effect of the family depends on the quality and strength of family bonds, as well as the rules of parental care [4]. Conversely, a lower level of parent education may play a role in reinforcing negative behavioural patterns among young people.…”