Families Affected by Parental Substance Use

Smith, Vincent C.; Wilson, Celeste R.; Ryan, Sheryl; Gonzalez, Pamela K.; Patrick, Stephen W.; Quigley, Joanna; Siqueira, Lorena M.; Walker, Leslie R.

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1575

Cited by 156 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Parents with ADHD, substance use problems, or other impulsive tendencies may apply lax parenting styles without restricting offspring digital media use. [29][30][31] Additionally, teens who admit frequent media use may be willing to report stigmatized conditions, such as ADHD, which may increase associations between these variables. Statistical adjustment for familial factors and other stigmatized behaviors sensitive to reporting biases, including family history of substance use, depressive symptoms, and delinquency, did not meaningfully affect the association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents

Karen

Cho

Stone

et al. 2018

JAMA

203

123

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IMPORTANCE Modern digital platforms are easily accessible and intensely stimulating; it is unknown whether frequent use of digital media may be associated with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).OBJECTIVE To determine whether the frequency of using digital media among 15-and 16-year-olds without significant ADHD symptoms is associated with subsequent occurrence of ADHD symptoms during a 24-month follow-up.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal cohort of students in 10 Los Angeles County, California, high schools recruited through convenience sampling. Baseline and 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-up surveys were administered from September 2014 (10th grade) to December 2016 (12th grade). Of 4100 eligible students, 3051 10th-graders (74%) were surveyed at the baseline assessment.EXPOSURES Self-reported use of 14 different modern digital media activities at a high-frequency rate over the preceding week was defined as many times a day (yes/no) and was summed in a cumulative index (range, 0-14).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-rated frequency of 18 ADHD symptoms (never/rare, sometimes, often, very often) in the 6 months preceding the survey. The total numbers of 9 inattentive symptoms (range, 0-9) and 9 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms (range, 0-9) that students rated as experiencing often or very often were calculated. Students who had reported experiencing often or very often 6 or more symptoms in either category were classified as being ADHD symptom-positive. RESULTS Among the 2587 adolescents (63% eligible students; 54.4% girls; mean [SD] age 15.5 years [0.5 years]) who did not have significant symptoms of ADHD at baseline, the median follow-up was 22.6 months (interquartile range [IQR], months). The mean (SD) number of baseline digital media activities used at a high-frequency rate was 3.62 (3.30); 1398 students (54.1%) indicated high frequency of checking social media (95% CI, 52.1%-56.0%), which was the most common media activity. High-frequency engagement in each additional digital media activity at baseline was associated with a significantly higher odds of having symptoms of ADHD across follow-ups (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.16). This association persisted after covariate adjustment (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15). The 495 students who reported no high-frequency media use at baseline had a 4.6% mean rate of having ADHD symptoms across follow-ups vs 9.5% among the 114 who reported 7 high-frequency activities (difference; 4.9%; 95% CI, 2.5%-7.3%) and vs 10.5% among the 51 students who reported 14 high-frequency activities (difference, 5.9%; 95% CI, 2.6%-9.2%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adolescents followed up over 2 years, there was a statistically significant but modest association between higher frequency of digital media use and subsequent symptoms of ADHD. Further research is needed to determine whether this association is causal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents

Karen

Cho

Stone

et al. 2018

JAMA

203

123

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“…Although many children of parents with an addiction do not experience neglect or abuse, they are at an increased risk for child maltreatment and different forms of abuse, which can contribute to psychological damage, and make them more vulnerable to their own substance misuse and addiction [1,10,11]. Children who are exposed to addictions are also predisposed to developing psychiatric issues such as anxiety or depression, and behavioral and cognitive di culties that can affect their learning abilities [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I can’t live like that”: Reflections of caregiver distress from caring for an individual with problematic substance use

Maina¹,

Ogenchuk²,

Pharneuf³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The impact of addiction extends beyond the individual using a substance. Caring for an individual with addiction creates persistent stressful circumstances that cause worry, anger, depression, shame, guilt, anxiety, and behavioral problems within the family unit.The aim of the study: The paper aims to explore the psychological impact when caring for individuals with active addictions and self-care strategies caregivers employ.Methods: The study adopted an exploratory qualitative design and used purposeful sampling to recruit study participants through posters, word-of-mouth, and e-mail. Study participants were required to have a family member living with addiction and not be active substance users themselves. In-depth individual interviews were conducted among 21 participants to gather their experiences, meanings, and interpretation of how it feels to provide care for a family member suffering from addiction and substance use.Results: Three themes, whose overarching focus is the pains that living and caring for a family with addiction caused the participants, are discussed. These included 1) caring experiences, 2) factors shaping caring experiences, and 3) self-care strategies.Conclusion: The stress associated with caring for individuals with addictions impacts the caregiver’s physical and mental health. Specific care modalities targeting caregivers need to be developed to address the health impact and to support self-care.

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“…Although issues such as visiting patterns are unique to the PI experience, basic processes identified, including family stresses, feelings of loss, and labeling may also be connected to the parent's involvement in antisocial behavior and related dimensions of BFC. For example, a parent's drug use in the period prior to an incarceration event may be perceived as stressful, associated with declining income, parental absences from the home, and marital conflict (Smith & Wilson, ). In addition, informal labels such as “crackhead” may be uniquely stigmatizing, adding to the marginalizing effects of labels formally applied (prisoner, ex‐con; Copes, Hochstetler, & Williams, ; Pager, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking parental incarceration and family dynamics associated with intergenerational transmission: A life‐course perspective*

Giordano¹,

Copp

Manning³

et al. 2019

Criminology

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Children experiencing parental incarceration face numerous additional disadvantages, but researchers have often relied on these other co‐occurring factors primarily as controls. In this article, we focus on the intimate links between crime and incarceration, as well as on the broader family context within which parental incarceration often unfolds. Thus, parents’ drug use and criminal behavior that precedes and may follow incarceration periods may be ongoing stressors that directly affect child well‐being. We also use our analyses to foreground mechanisms associated with social learning theories, including observations and communications that increase the child's risk for criminal involvement and other problem outcomes. These related family experiences often channel the child's own developing network ties (peers, romantic partners) that then serve as proximal influences. We explore these processes by drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from a study of the lives of a sample of respondents followed from adolescence to young adulthood, as well as on records searches of parents’ incarceration histories. Through our analyses, we find evidence that 1) some effects attributed to parental incarceration likely connect to unmeasured features of the broader family context, and b) together parental incarceration and the broader climate often constitute a tightly coupled package of family‐related risks linked to intergenerational continuities in criminal behavior and other forms of social disadvantage.

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Families Affected by Parental Substance Use

Cited by 156 publications

References 61 publications

Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents

Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents

“I can’t live like that”: Reflections of caregiver distress from caring for an individual with problematic substance use

Linking parental incarceration and family dynamics associated with intergenerational transmission: A life‐course perspective*

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