Familiarity effects on memory search and visual search

Gilford, Robb M.; Juola, James F.

doi:10.3758/bf03337145

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Thus, no significant differences exist between the slopes of the two tasks. This finding concurs with that of Gilford and Juola (1976). However, the slope obtained for the visual search task is larger than that obtained by Gilford and Juola.…”

Section: Group Performance On Taskssupporting

confidence: 75%

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Individual differences and interrelationships among a select set of cognitive skills

1976

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An experiment was conducted to investigate individual differences and interrelationships in performance on three short-term memory processing and visual processing tasks. Parameters of models for these tasks were correlated. High correlations (.97 and .&1) were obtained for some intertask parameters, indicating that elemental component processes for different tasks can be identified that are similar or highly related. Psychometric measures (SATM and SATV) were also correlated with the information processing model parameters. High multiple correlations of SATV and SATM were obtained using model parameters as predictors, when the data were analyzed separately for female and male subjects. The results are suggestive of sex differences in the interrelationships of the cognitive processes under investigation.

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Section: Group Performance On Taskssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Similarly, can the intercept from one task be predicted from the intercept of the other? Gilford and Juola (1976) have found no significant differences for the RT and error data between the memory search and visual search tasks. They imply that identical processes are involved in the two comparisons.…”

Section: Individual Differences and Interrelationshipsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Individual differences and interrelationships among a select set of cognitive skills

1976

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“…The results in both visual and memory search have been strikingly similar, enough so that some investigators (e.g., Gilford & Juola, 1976) have suggested that the locus of search Copyright 1993 Psychonomic Society, Inc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…It is not our intent to detract from the plasticity of the human information processing system. The importance of ' 'top-down" influences in the search task has been demonstrated many times (Gilford & Juola, 1976;Jones & Anderson, 1982;Klatzky & Atkinson, 1970;Klatzky et al, 1971;Klatzky & Smith, 1972;Krueger, 1970). With simple stimuli and speed stress, it simply is more parsimonious to consider processes that are terminating to some degree, either concluding abruptly or gradually decelerating after the detection of a target.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-terminating versus exhaustive processes in rapid visual and memory search: An evaluative review

Zandt

Townsend

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

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A major issue in elementary cognition and information processing has been whether rapid search of short-term memory or a visual display can terminate when a predesignated target is found or whether it must proceed until all items are examined. This study summarizes past and recent theoretical results on the ability of self-terminating and exhaustive models to predict differences in slopes between positive (target-present) and negative (target-absent) set-size functions, as well as position effects. The empirical literature is reviewed with regard to the presence of slope differences and position effects. Theoretical investigations demonstrate that self-terminating models can readily predict the results often associated with exhaustive processing, but a very broad class of exhaustive models is incapable of predicting position effects and slope differences typically associated with self-termination. Because position effects and slope differences are found throughout the rapid search literature, we conclude that the exhaustive processing hypothesis is not tenable under common experimental conditions.Since the earliest work in experimental psychology, researchers have been attempting to uncover the architecture of various simple mental processes through the measurement of reaction time (RT; Cattell, 1886Cattell, /1947 Donders, 1868Donders, /1969Wundt, 1894). In RT tasks, an observer is presented with a stimulus, and the time that elapses between its onset and the execution of a response is recorded. The changes in RT under different modes of stimulation or different response requirements are assumed to provide information about the component mental processes and how these components are linked together. Luce (1986), Posner (1978), Townsend and Ashby (1983), and Welford (1980) provide reviews and somewhat differing perspectives on empirical and theoretical research in which RT has been used to study mental processes. This paper focuses on two simple paradigms used extensively to study simple mental processes: rapid visual and memory search. In the search task, an observer is We wish to express our appreciation to one anonymous reviewer, as well as to C. W. Eriksen, W. K. Estes, R. W. Proctor, R. Schweickert, and ]. Theios for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This research was supported by NSF Grant BNS-831-9377, awarded to]. T.T. Correspondence should be addressed to]. T. Townsend, Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 (e-mail: jtownsen@ucs.indiana.edu). 563presented with a list of items, called the "search set." The search set is usually composed of letters or numbers, but pictures, words, and tones have also been used. The observer is required to indicate whether a "target" item is present in the search set by executing a positive ("yes") or negative ("no") response. In memory search tasks, the search set is presented to the observer prior to the target item. When the target is presented, the observer must "search" the items held in memory to decide whether or not t...

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“…For instance, it has been argued that searching for a visual target is guided by the same mechanism that underlies memory search (Gilford & Juola, 1976). Yet, search slope ratios obtained in visual, as compared with memory, search often deviate from each other, suggesting that search mechanisms differ between external stimuli and internal memory representations (for a review, see Van Zandt & Townsend, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redundancy gain for semantic features

2012

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In a go/no-go experiment, semantic redundancy gain was assessed for responses to single written words. Specifically, we asked participants to respond only to words whose meaning matched at least one semantic target featurethat is, the target category (e.g., animal), the target color (e.g., gray), or both. On redundant-target trials, the word (e.g., elephant) matched both semantic target features (i.e., gray and animal). On single-target trials, the word (e.g., beaver) matched one target feature (i.e., animal) and a nontarget feature (i.e., brown). We observed shorter reaction times in the redundant-target condition than in the faster single-target condition. Hence, the present study provides the first evidence that redundancy gain is not limited to responses to redundant proximal stimulus features but can also be observed for responses to semantic feature information.

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Familiarity effects on memory search and visual search

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Individual differences and interrelationships among a select set of cognitive skills

Individual differences and interrelationships among a select set of cognitive skills

Self-terminating versus exhaustive processes in rapid visual and memory search: An evaluative review

Redundancy gain for semantic features

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