Familiality and Heritability of Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population Sample of Adolescent Female Twins

Todd, Richard D.; Rasmussen, Erik; Neuman, Rosalind J.; Reich, Wendy; Hudziak, James J.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Madden, Pamela A. F.; Heath, Andrew C.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1891

Cited by 166 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…One study 51 found no evidence of familial distinction between subtypes, a finding supported by analyses both of sibling pairs collected for a molecular genetic study 52 and of a twin sample. 53 In contrast, some twin studies based on general population samples [54][55][56] have found distinct genetic (and environmental) influences on the different subtype symptom scores.…”

Section: Reading Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…60,61 The latent classes so defined are familial, heritable and unlike the DSM-IV subtypes are more consistently reported to be independently transmitted. 53,56 Molecular genetic studies based on these classes have so far yielded negative findings apart from a reported significant association between the severely inattentive subtype and a variant within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit gene (CHRNA4). 62 One problem is that latent class genetic findings could be difficult to replicate if class structures vary in different types of populations.…”

Section: Reading Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

et al. 2006

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It is well established that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a familial and highly heritable disorder. Consequently, much effort is being directed towards searching for specific susceptibility genes. There is a growing trend, across the field of complex disease genetics, towards undertaking secondary analyses based on refined phenotypic definitions and in testing whether specific susceptibility genes modify the phenotypic presentation of the disorder in question. It is crucial that good, empirically derived arguments are made before undertaking multiple analyses on different phenotype refinements. In this review article, we consider the evidence from genetic epidemiological studies as well as key clinical studies that provide guidance on examining the ADHD phenotype for the purpose of molecular genetic studies. Specifically, findings on categorical versus dimensional conceptualisations of ADHD, reporter effects, comorbidity, ADHD subtypes and persistence are reviewed. Current evidence suggests that for the purpose of identifying susceptibility genes for ADHD, parent and teachers should be used as informants and that focusing on the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is useful. There is also good empirical support in favour of examining antisocial behaviour in ADHD. Genetic studies of dimensional ADHD are useful for other complementary purposes.

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Section: Reading Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Reading Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

et al. 2006

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“…Some research evidence suggests heterogeneity at several levels: phenotypic [e. g., 16], neuropsychological [e. g., 150], psychophysiological [e. g., 7,23,125], and genetic [e. g., 107,175,186]. There may be multiple developmental pathways from aetiological factors to behavioural symptoms [151,152].…”

Section: Influences On Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder ? first upgrade

Taylor

Döpfner

Sergeant

et al. 2004

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

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452

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■ Abstract Background The validity of clinical guidelines changes over time, because new evidencebased knowledge and experience develop. Objective Hence, the European clinical guidelines on hyperkinetic disorder from 1998 had to be evaluated and modified. Method Discussions at the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS) and iterative critique of each clinical analysis. Guided by evidence-based information and based on evaluation (rather than metaanalysis) of the scientific evidence a group of child psychiatrists and psychologists from several European countries updated the guidelines of 1998. When reliable information is lacking the group gives a clinical consensus when it could be found among themselves. Results The group presents here a set of recommendations for the conceptualisation and management of hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Conclusion A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided, on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP).

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“…This hypothesis is supported by other research groups that reported familial clustering of latent class and DSM-IV defined ADHD subtypes. [80][81][82][83] In addition, different candidate genes, such as 5HT1B or SLC4A3, have been associated with specific ADHD diagnostic groups. 84,85 In this respect, the combined subtype may represent a distinctive and more homogeneous phenotype that could facilitate the identification of genetic factors contributing to ADHD.…”

Section: Ht2amentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of 19 serotoninergic candidate genes in adults and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder identifies association for 5HT2A, DDC and MAOB

et al. 2007

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder in which different genetic and environmental susceptibility factors are involved. Several lines of evidence support the view that at least 30% of ADHD patients diagnosed in childhood continue to suffer the disorder during adulthood and that genetic risk factors may play an essential role in the persistence of the disorder throughout lifespan. Genetic, biochemical and pharmacological studies support the idea that the serotonin system participates in the etiology of ADHD. Based on these data, we aimed to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms across 19 genes involved in the serotoninergic neurotransmission in a clinical sample of 451 ADHD patients (188 adults and 263 children) and 400 controls using a population-based association study. Several significant associations were found after correcting for multiple testing: (1) the DDC gene was strongly associated with both adulthood (P = 0.00053; odds ratio (OR) = 2.17) and childhood ADHD (P = 0.0017; OR = 1.90); (2) the MAOB gene was found specifically associated in the adult ADHD sample (P = 0.0029; OR = 1.90) and (3) the 5HT2A gene showed evidence of association only with the combined ADHD subtype both in adults (P = 0.0036; OR = 1.63) and children (P = 0.0084; OR = 1.49). Our data support the contribution of the serotoninergic system in the genetic predisposition to ADHD, identifying common childhood and adulthood ADHD susceptibility factors, associations that are specific to ADHD subtypes and one variant potentially involved in the continuity of the disorder throughout lifespan.

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Familiality and Heritability of Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population Sample of Adolescent Female Twins

Abstract: Unlike DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD, latent-class ADHD subtypes appear to be independently transmitted in families. These classes may be more appropriate targets for molecular genetic studies of ADHD.

Cited by 166 publications

References 18 publications

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies

European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder ? first upgrade

Exploration of 19 serotoninergic candidate genes in adults and children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder identifies association for 5HT2A, DDC and MAOB

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