Familial Stroke 2700 Years Ago

Abstract

Familial Stroke 2700 Years AgoTo the Editor:I read with interest the article by Barnett that addressed the ancient descriptions of the carotid artery. 1 This work may further benefit from the consideration of some significant historical repercussions of neurovascular disease in the ancient world. The Battle of Halule in 691 BC marked a key period in the Ancient Near East. It demonstrated the complex power balance fought between the Ancient Assyrian Empire and a unique conglomeration of kingdoms that eventually became the Persian Empire (Figure).Although the Assyrians led by the biblically mentioned Sennacherib initially lost the battle, they were subsequently able to reinvade Babylon 2 years later. This had resulted from the opposing Elamite king Humban-Nimena III (rule, 692 BC to 689 BC) dying from a stroke, described as "his mouth seized so that he could not speak." 2,3 The Assyrians continued to maintain the upper hand as a subsequent Elamite leader, Humban-Haltash I (brother to Humban-Nimena III) ,also died from a stroke. 2 Although the description of stroke may have existed as early as the second millennium BC, 4 the description of the neurovascular disease in the Elamite kings is the first account of stroke within the same family Ͼ2.5 millennia ago. Such neurovascular mortality in successive Elamite kings is likely to have contributed significantly in the determination of the sociopolitical climate of that era. DisclosuresNone.Hutan

Epidemiology of stroke in a rural community in Southeastern Nigeria

“…Stroke has existed since medieval times and considerable progress has been made in the knowledge of its nature and epidemiology 1,2. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide 3.…”

Clinical Profile of Ischemic Stroke in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital

“…Type 2 diabetics are at increased risk for stroke compared to Type 1 diabetic patient. 7 Hyperglycemia at acute stroke setting have shown to have higher mortality and poorer outcome, whether or not the cause of the hyperglycemia is due to stress, newly diagnosed diabetes or known diabetes. 8 Although atherosclerosis is an independent risk factor for cerebral ischemia in diabetes, additional factor such as chronic impairment of cerebral blood flow and cerebral auto regulation, reduced red cell deformability, hyperviscosity, endothelial dysfunction impaired prostaglandin synthesis may contribute a major aggravating factor in this population.…”

Pharmacoeconomic analysis of treatment of patients with severe and moderate ischemic stroke (NIHSS score > 12)

“…About 16 million cases of stroke are registered in the world annually, including 5,7 million with lethal outcome which equals 10% of total mortality in the world [3][4][5][6]. It should be especially noted that sever and moderate ISs take about 40-65% and this category of patients is characterized with high mortality [7][8][9][10].…”

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Abstract: this study includes pharmacoeconomic analysis of treatment of patients with severe and moderate ischemic stroke (NIHSS score > 12

IntroductionIschemic stroke (IS) is a clinical syndrome manifesting as an acute disorder of local cerebral functions which lasts for more than 24 hours or causes death; it can be caused either by insufficiency of blood supply in certain brain area due to cerebral blood flow reduction, thrombosis or embolism connected with vascular, cardiac or blood diseases [1,2].About 16 million cases of stroke are registered in the world annually, including 5,7 million with lethal outcome which equals 10% of total mortality in the world [3][4][5][6]. It should be especially noted that sever and moderate ISs take about 40-65% and this category of patients is characterized with high mortality [7][8][9][10].

Today severe and moderate IS are one of the main causes of people disability.

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