Familial Factors, Low Birth Weight, and Development of ESRD: A Nationwide Registry Study

Ruggajo, Paschal; Skrunes, Rannveig; Svarstad, Einar; Skjærven, Rolv; Reisæther, Anna Varberg; Vikse, Bjørn Egil

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.11.015

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 243 publications

(304 reference statements)

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“…1). Such growth restriction per se is also associated with programming effects in the kidney, emphasizing the continuum of the programming risk and the need for heightened awareness of this risk [29,30,31,32]. Worldwide, the incidence rates of LBW and preterm birth lie at around 15-20% and 11%, respectively [33,34].…”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strongest evidence probably comes from a Norwegian birth registry study where birth weight <10th percentile for the population (around 2.8 kg) was associated with a relative risk (RR) of 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-2.2) for ESKD during the first 38 years of life [86]. In separate analyses with LBW defined as <2.5 kg, even stronger effect estimates were seen [29]. This dose-response relationship suggests that the degree of IUGR is an important programming factor [29] (Table 4).…”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In separate analyses with LBW defined as <2.5 kg, even stronger effect estimates were seen [29]. This dose-response relationship suggests that the degree of IUGR is an important programming factor [29] (Table 4). …”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association was, however, stronger in the first 15 years of life and was strongest for congenital malformations/hereditary diseases [48]. Taking this further, an investigation into the programmed risk in a subgroup aged 18-42 years, excluding subjects with congenital renal disease, found that LBW per se was not significantly associated with developing ESKD, but being SGA was [29]. In these studies, LBW, SGA, and preterm birth were overlapping groups.…”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When using the definition of <10th percentile of birth weight for LBW and <10th percentile weight for gestational age for SGA, among the 10% with LBW, 61.0% had SGA, and 31.7% were preterm. When using the 2.5-kg cutoff for LBW, 52% were also considered SGA, and 65.6% were preterm [29]. Although LBW can be explained simply by short gestational age in prematurity, SGA is more often explained by intrauterine nutritional restriction.…”

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Brenner

Charlton

Luyckx

et al. 2017

Nephron

119

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Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. The Low Birth Weight and Nephron Number Working Group has prepared a consensus document aimed to address the relatively neglected issue for the developmental programming of hypertension and CKD. It emerged from a workshop held on April 2, 2016, including eminent internationally recognized experts in the field of obstetrics, neonatology, and nephrology. Through multidisciplinary engagement, the goal of the workshop was to highlight the association between fetal and childhood development and an increased risk of adult diseases, focusing on hypertension and CKD, and to suggest possible practical solutions for the future. The recommendations for action of the consensus workshop are the results of combined clinical experience, shared research expertise, and a review of the literature. They highlight the need to act early to prevent CKD and other related noncommunicable diseases later in life by reducing low birth weight, small for gestational age, prematurity, and low nephron numbers at birth through coordinated interventions. Meeting the current unmet needs would help to define the most cost-effective strategies and to optimize interventions to limit or interrupt the developmental programming cycle of CKD later in life, especially in the poorest part of the world.

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Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To a Health Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Brenner

Charlton

Luyckx

et al. 2017

Nephron

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Clinical consequences of developmental programming of low nephron number

Luyckx

Brenner

2019

The Anatomical Record

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Nephron number in humans varies up to 13‐fold, likely reflecting the impact of multiple factors on kidney development, including inherited body size and ethnicity, as well as maternal health and nutrition, fetal exposure to gestational diabetes or preeclampsia and other environmental factors, which may potentially be modifiable. Such conditions predispose to low or high offspring birth weight, growth restriction or preterm birth, which have all been associated with increased risks of higher blood pressures and/or kidney dysfunction in later life. Low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction are associated with reduced nephron numbers. Humans with hypertension and chronic kidney disease tend to have fewer nephrons than their counterparts with normal blood pressures or kidney function. A developmentally programmed reduction in nephron number therefore enhances an individual's susceptibility to hypertension and kidney disease in later life. A low nephron number at birth may not lead to kidney dysfunction alone except when severe, but in the face of superimposed acute or chronic kidney injury, a kidney endowed with fewer nephrons may be less able to adapt, and overt kidney disease may develop. Given that millions of babies are born either too small, too big or too soon each year, the population impact of altered renal programming is likely to be significant. Many gestational exposures are modifiable, therefore urgent attention is required to implement public health measures to optimize maternal, fetal, and child health, to prevent or mitigate the consequences of developmental programming, to improve the health future generations.

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Kidney impairment in fetal growth restriction: three‐dimensional evaluation of volume and vascularization

et al. 2020

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Objectives: Renal development is impaired in fetal growth restriction (FGR). Renal size can be considered a surrogate of renal function in childhood, and could be impaired in that condition. Our aim was to evaluate the ratio of total renal volume, measured by three-dimensional ultrasound, to estimated fetal weight (TRV/EFW) among fetuses with and without growth restriction. Furthermore, we correlated TRV/EFW with fetal Doppler velocimetry and renal vascularization indexes and evaluated the association of renal volume and vascular parameters with adverse neonatal events in growth-restricted fetuses. Methods: In a retrospective cohort, TRV and renal vascularization of growthrestricted and normal fetuses were evaluated by three-dimensional ultrasonography and VOCAL technique. Independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney test were used for comparisons between groups. Logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the association between renal characteristics and adverse neonatal events. Results: Seventy-one growth-restricted fetuses were compared to 194 controls. The TRV/EFW was lower in the growth-restricted group (P < .001). In our sample, this ratio did not correlate with Doppler velocimetry parameters, renal vascular indexes or any adverse neonatal events. Conclusion: The TRV/EFW ratio is decreased in FGR. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of this ratio with long-term renal outcomes.

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Familial Factors, Low Birth Weight, and Development of ESRD: A Nationwide Registry Study

Abstract: LBW and SGA are associated with higher risk for ESRD during the first 40 years of life, and the associations were not explained by familial factors. Our results support the hypothesis that impaired intrauterine nephron development may be a causal risk factor for progressive kidney disease.

Cited by 53 publications

References 243 publications

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

The Impact of Kidney Development on the Life Course: A Consensus Document for Action

Clinical consequences of developmental programming of low nephron number

Kidney impairment in fetal growth restriction: three‐dimensional evaluation of volume and vascularization

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