“…As the second most prevalent vascular malformations in the central nervous system, CCMs account for 10-15% of all vascular malefactions cases (Batra et al, 2009;Flemming et al, 2017). The majority of CCMs are sporadic, covering over 90% of all cases while familial CCMs (FCCMs) only account for 6-7%, which is considered as a rare disease (Moriarity et al, 1999a;Batra et al, 2009;Spiegler et al, 2018;Zafar et al, 2019). However, less than 20% of patients with sporadic CCMs have multiple lesions (Moriarity et al, 1999b;Dammann et al, 2017;Flemming and Lanzino, 2020), whereas over 50% of FCCMs cause multiple CCM lesions, which will increase the risk of developing epilepsy and intracranial hemorrhage (Russo et al, 2017;Zafar et al, 2019).…”