Familial Cases of Severe Measles Pneumonia.

Ito, Isao; Ishida, Tadashi; Hashimoto, Toru; Arita, Machiko; Osawa, Makoto; Tsukayama, Choutatsu

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.39.670

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…18 Although the value of corticosteroid therapy for nonviral adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is controversial, 19,20 some reports have shown the effectiveness of corticosteroids for treating measles pneumonia and viral pneumonias complicating varicella. 21,22 Ribavirin, a purine nucleoside analogue, hinders the replication of a variety of RNA viruses, although the precise mechanism of action is still to be shown. Ribavirin has been used in combination with interferon a to treat hepatitis C virus infection 23 and as a monotherapy for lassa fever virus infection 24 and severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.…”

Section: Steroids and Ribavirinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in SARS treatment

Fujii

Nakamura

Iwamoto

2004

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has drawn enormous attention and caused fear worldwide since early 2003. The disease appears to be under control now; however, the possible return of SARS must be emphasized. Although many clinical experiments have been reported, the treatment of SARS is largely anecdotal, and so far no treatment consensus has been reached. We summarize 14 clinical reports and attempt to assess the effectiveness of various treatment regimens. A combination treatment of steroids and ribavirin was widely used empirically from the outset of the epidemic. In general, the use of steroids for SARS seemed beneficial, but the optimal timing, dosage, and duration of treatment have not yet been determined. On the other hand, ribavirin administration apparently reduced neither the rate of intratracheal intubation nor that of mortality. Moreover, significant toxicity, such as hemolytic anemia, has been attributed to ribavirin. A few preliminary trials and in vitro data suggest the possibility of treating SARS with interferon. Other agents, including the HIV protease inhibitor glycyrrhizin and convalescent plasma, remain to be evaluated.

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Section: Steroids and Ribavirinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in SARS treatment

Fujii

Nakamura

Iwamoto

2004

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…Thus both infections mentioned above may occur in association (Manfredi et al, 2003;Melbye et al, 1983;Ito et al, 2000), which is evaluated as life threatening (Melbye et al, 1983). In a few previous reports on concurrent/simultaneous infectious mononucleosis and measles (Manfredi et al, 2003;Melbye et al, 1983;Ito et al, 2000;Slifka et al, 2003) cell immune impairment caused by the Epstein-Barr and measles viral infections were responsible for the complicated course of disease in all reports and for unfavorable outcomes in most of the cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute infectious mononucleosis and coincidental measles virus infection

Atrasheuskaya

Kameneva

Неверов

et al. 2004

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…Similarly, measles vaccination can also cause immune suppression and predominant IL‐4 production in some cases [10,12]. This skewing of the cytokine response towards predominant Th2‐type cytokines results in a deficient or low Th1 cellular immune response and increases susceptibility to co‐infections with various other pathogens [13,14]. The preferential expansion of the CD4 T cell pool into Th2 cells is characterized by an increase in IgE, IgG1 and IgG4, diminished production of the Th1 signature cytokine interferon (IFN)‐γ and heightened production of interleukin (IL)‐4 (a cytokine critical for establishing the Th2 type response) [8,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations among measles virus-specific antibody, lymphoproliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following measles–mumps–rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccination

Dhiman

Ovsyannikova

Ryan

et al. 2005

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryImmunity to measles is conferred by the interplay of humoral and cellular immune responses, the latter being critical in maintaining long-term recall response. Therefore, it is important to evaluate measles-specific humoral and cellular immunity in populations several years after vaccination and understand the correlations among these measures of immunity. We examined measles-specific antibodies, lymphoproliferation and the Th1/Th2 signature cytokines, interferon (IFN)-γ γ γ γ and interleukin (IL)-4, in a population-based cohort of healthy children from Olmsted County, Minnesota after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. We detected positive measures of measles-specific cellular and humoral immunity in the majority of our study population. However, a small proportion of subjects demonstrated an immune response skewed towards the Th2 type, characterized by the presence of either IL-4 and/or measles-specific antibodies and a lack of IFN-γ γ γ γ production. Further, we observed a significant positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and secretion of IFN-γ γ γ γ ( r = = = = 0·20, P = = = = 0·0002) and IL-4 ( r = = = = 0·15, P = = = = 0·005). Measles antibody levels were correlated with lymphoproliferation ( r = = = = 0·12, P = = = = 0·03), but lacked correlation to either cytokine type. In conclusion, we demonstrated the presence of both long-term cellular and humoral responses after MMR-II vaccination in a significant proportion of study subjects. Further, a positive correlation between lymphoproliferation and IL-4 and IFN-γ γ γ γ suggests that immunity to measles may be maintained by both Th1 and Th2 cells. We speculate that the Th2 biased response observed in a subset of our subjects may be insufficient to provide long-term immunity against measles. Further examination of the determinants of Th1 versus Th2 skewing of the immune response and long-term follow-up is needed.

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Familial Cases of Severe Measles Pneumonia.

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Current concepts in SARS treatment

Current concepts in SARS treatment

Acute infectious mononucleosis and coincidental measles virus infection

Correlations among measles virus-specific antibody, lymphoproliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine responses following measles–mumps–rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccination

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