“…TST for H. contortus infection can be implemented using simple indicators, and primarily the FAMACHA © system, which uses ocular mucous membrane colour as an indication of anaemia caused by haemonchosis ( Malan et al, 2001 ). This system has been implemented and validated around the world as a method for TST in both sheep and goats ( Bath et al, 2001 , Vatta et al, 2002 , Vatta et al, 2001 , Kaplan et al, 2004 , Mahieu et al, 2007 , Di Loria et al, 2009 , Scheuerle et al, 2010 , Sotomaior et al, 2012 , Maia et al, 2014 , Maia et al, 2015 , Nabukenya et al, 2014 ). Both the FAMACHA © system and the Five Point Check © system, which includes FAMACHA © and additional checks for clinical signs caused by non-haematophagic internal parasites, are designed for easy use by farmers without veterinary skills ( Bath and Van Wyk, 2009 , Maia et al, 2014 ).…”