Falsely low arterial blood pressure due to pressure transducer damage in three horses

Chevallier, Delphine Le; Oostrom, Hugo van

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000985

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Strain gauges transduce this pressure change into an electrical signal which is digital depiction of an arterial pressure wave (Fig 4b) (Walton & Wilson, 2017). Prior to use, equipment should be inspected for damage (Chevallier & Oostrom, 2020), the transducer placed at the level of the right atrium (Trim, 1998) and the system zeroed to atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Invasive Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia

Dagnall

Khenissi

Love

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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The anaesthetist aims to preserve normal physiology of the horse notwithstanding the use of general anaesthetic drugs and pre-existing pathological changes. Provision of analgesia and maintaining an adequate plane of anaesthesia are important alongside monitoring cardiorespiratory performance, response to noxious stimuli and temperature. There are a variety of techniques that subjectively or objectively assess physiological variables, and the results should be interpreted in the context of the anaesthetic protocol. Basic 'hands-on' monitoring of anaesthesia requires no equipment and is a core skill for every anaesthetist. However, as technology advances, many more electronic monitoring options have become available. This review describes how to use specific monitoring techniques, discusses the evidence underpinning them and evaluates their place in clinical practice. Where appropriate, normal and abnormal values are highlighted, although evaluation of trends may be more important in some cases. Regular documentation of variables enables trends to be identified and is key to appropriate early intervention. All basic monitoring techniques that require no equipment, such as ocular and mucous membrane assessment and pulse palpation, are recommended for every general anaesthetic procedure. The use of capnography, pulse oximetry, electrocardiography and blood pressure monitoring devices is recommended where indicated (Martinez et al., 2008), recognising that anaesthesia in horses is performed in a variety of places with different facilities and using various drug combinations.

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Section: Invasive Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia

Dagnall

Khenissi

Love

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Mortality and morbidity in equine anaesthesia

Deutsch

Taylor

2021

Equine Veterinary Education

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Equine peri-anaesthetic mortality and morbidity are of interest to anaesthetists, practitioners, horse owners and insurance companies. The largest prospective study, 'The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Equine Fatalities' (CEPEF) was conducted more than 20 years ago. It included over 40,000 horses from multiple centres and reported mortality to be 1.9% that decreased to 0.9% when only elective cases were considered. This is in stark contrast to mortality rates in small animal (dogs: 0.17%, cats: 0.24%) and human anaesthesia (0.04-7/10,000). In spite of developments in understanding the pathophysiology of equine anaesthesia mortality has not decreased in the intervening years. The main contributors to peri-anaesthetic equine mortality are cardiac arrest, fractures and myopathy or neuropathy. Spinal cord myelopathy and cerebral necrosis are less common. Malignant hyperthermia and hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis are diseases associated with genetic mutations that can be triggered during general anaesthesia and may be fatal if not recognised and treated immediately. Morbidities are reported less frequently, presumably because often they do not cause permanent harm and may resolve within a short period of time. Complications in equine anaesthesia are numerous and include injuries at induction and recovery, damage to the airway associated with orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation, post-anaesthetic myopathy or neuropathy, regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents, ocular injuries and complications associated with intravascular cannulation. Hypotension, hypoventilation, hypoxaemia, hypothermia and dysrhythmias may occur both during the maintenance phase of anaesthesia but also in recovery. Airway obstruction during recovery has repeatedly been reported over the years as causing pulmonary oedema, which is often fatal if the airway is not restored extremely quickly. This review summarises the literature on the risk of mortality and morbidity. Information has been gathered from single case reports as well as larger research studies.

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Falsely low arterial blood pressure due to pressure transducer damage in three horses

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia

Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia

Mortality and morbidity in equine anaesthesia

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