False Recognition in Triazolam-Induced Amnesia

Mintzer, Miriam Z.; Griffiths, Roland R.

doi:10.1006/jmla.2000.2746

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The only significant procedural difference between the studies was that each study word was presented for 4 s in the Mintzer and Griffiths (2000a) study, and for 2 s in the present study amine dose (0.3 mg/70 kg) is consistent with the results of previous studies, and with Duka et al's (1996) observation that the investigation of scopolamine's effects on memory in healthy volunteers is limited to a narrow range of doses; whereas doses below 0.3 mg/70 kg typically do not produce significant effects, doses higher than 0.6 mg produce significant adverse effects (for example, hallucinations). In our second study with triazolam (Mintzer and Griffiths 2000b), we examined the effects of a single dose (0.25 mg/70 kg) on false recognition in the DRM paradigm in two experiments in which we varied the number of times lists were presented during study (once vs twice; experiment 1) and the number of associates presented in each list (6 vs 15; experiment 2). Results of the conditions which were directly comparable to those in Mintzer and Griffiths (2000a) and in the present study replicated the finding of decreased false recognition rates under drug conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute dose-effects of scopolamine on false recognition

Mintzer

Griffiths

2000

Psychopharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute dose-effects of scopolamine on false recognition

Mintzer

Griffiths

2000

Psychopharmacology

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“…There are some other evidences in the literature of conditions under which lorazepam can facilitate the retrieval of material learned when under the effect of the drug (eg File et al, 1999). Also, Mintzer and Griffiths (2001) showed that under the effects of another benzodiazepine, triazolam, memory performance improved when items were simply presented a second time. In our study, both lorazepam and placebo participants benefited from the second repetition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Effects of an Amnesic Drug: Effect of Lorazepam on Study Time Allocation and on Judgment of Learning

Izaute

Bacon

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We investigated the effects of lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, on the allocation of study time, memory, and judgment of learning, in a cognitive task where the repetition of word presentation was manipulated. The aim was to assess whether lorazepam would affect the learning processes and/or whether the participants would be aware of the amnesic difficulty. A total of 30 healthy volunteers participated in the study, 15 of whom received a capsule containing the lorazepam drug (0.038 mg/kg) and 15 a placebo capsule. First, the accuracy of delayed judgments of learning (JOL) was measured in both groups. For the JOL ratings, results showed that all the participants benefited from word repetition. Although the overall performance was lower in the lorazepam than in the placebo group, the accuracy of the JOL ratings was preserved by the drug. Second, all the participants benefited from the repetition of learning, although the performances of the lorazepam-treated subjects remained lower than those of the placebo participants. The repetition of learning had an effect on JOL in both groups. Finally, the time spent learning each (allocation study time) pair of words was measured. For the placebo group, results revealed that study time decreased significantly with the frequency of presentation. For the lorazepam group, no effect of presentation frequency was found. Overall, our findings suggest that the lorazepam drug has a differential effect on the monitoring and the control processes involved in a learning task. The implications of these findings are discussed within the theoretical framework of metacognition.

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“…Furthermore, the quantitative dosing properties of drugs can be exploited to produce a graded amnesic effect in a dose-effect design. Findings of selective effects of drugs on particular aspects of memory performance but not others, or of dissociations between drugs, can provide converging evidence with data from nonpharmacological studies for the dissociability of specific processes or subcomponents (see Hirshman, Fisher, Henthorn, Arndt, & Passannante, 2002;Hirshman et al, 2001;Mintzer, 2003;Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001b). In addition, comparison of memory-impairing drugs with distinct neurochemical or pharmacological mechanisms of action can elucidate the brain mechanisms underlying specific cognitive processes.…”

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Differential effects of scopolamine and lorazepam on working memory maintenance versus manipulation processes

Mintzer

Griffiths

2007

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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argued that, like neuropsychological studies of brain-damaged patients, which have played a critical role in advancing the understanding of normal and abnormal memory mechanisms, investigation of drug-induced amnesia can also be a powerful tool for elucidating memory mechanisms. In fact, investigation of drug-induced amnesia has several distinct advantages over traditional studies of amnesic patients. Most importantly, unlike the memory deficits found in amnesic patients, effects of drugs on memory processes are reversible and can be empirically manipulated in controlled laboratory experiments with large numbers of healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the quantitative dosing properties of drugs can be exploited to produce a graded amnesic effect in a dose-effect design. Findings of selective effects of drugs on particular aspects of memory performance but not others, or of dissociations between drugs, can provide converging evidence with data from nonpharmacological studies for the dissociability of specific processes or subcomponents (see Hirshman, Fisher, Henthorn, Arndt, & Passannante, 2002;Hirshman et al., 2001;Mintzer, 2003;Mintzer & Griffiths, 2001b). In addition, comparison of memory-impairing drugs with distinct neurochemical or pharmacological mechanisms of action can elucidate the brain mechanisms underlying specific cognitive processes.The present experiment was designed to compare the acute effects of the benzodiazepine lorazepam and the anticholinergic scopolamine on working memory processes. Benzodiazepines facilitate the action of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) by acting as agonists at specific sites on the GABA A receptor complex (Mohler & Okada, 1977;Squires & Braestrup, 1977), whereas scopolamine inhibits the action of acetylcholine by acting as an antagonist at muscarinic cholinergic receptors (Ketchum, Sidell, Crowell, Aghajanian, & Haines, 1973). Working memory refers to the temporary maintenance and online manipulation of a limited amount of information in the service of current behavioral goals (Baddeley, 1986(Baddeley, , 1992; for recent reviews, see D'Esposito, 2001; Smith & Jonides, 1998). The concept of working memory was originally introduced by Baddeley (1986) and replaced earlier conceptualizations of a unitary, passive, short-term storage system (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968). In Baddeley's model, working memory is a multicomponent system consisting of a number of limited-capacity (Miller, 1956), material-specific "slave systems" (e.g., the phonological loop for verbal material and the visuospatial sketchpad for visual material) involved in temporarily maintaining Differential effects of scopolamine and lorazepam on working memory maintenance versus manipulation processes MIRIAM Z. MINTZER AND ROLAND R. GRIFFITHS Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MarylandBetween-study comparisons of benzodiazepine and anticholinergic drugs on working memory suggest that anticholinergics may produce greater impairment in maintenance processes, whereas benzodiazepines may produce greater impairment in man...

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False Recognition in Triazolam-Induced Amnesia

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Acute dose-effects of scopolamine on false recognition

Acute dose-effects of scopolamine on false recognition

Specific Effects of an Amnesic Drug: Effect of Lorazepam on Study Time Allocation and on Judgment of Learning

Differential effects of scopolamine and lorazepam on working memory maintenance versus manipulation processes

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