False reactive HIV-1 diagnostic test results in an individual from Kenya on multiple testing platforms-A case report

Ochola, Jew; Imbach, Michelle; Eller, Leigh Anne; Souza, Mark de; Nwoga, Chiaka; Otieno, June; Otieno, Lucas; Rono, Eric; Kamau, Edwin; Crowell, Trevor A; Owuoth, John; Polyak, Christina S.; Sing’oei, Valentine

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e01035

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…If indeterminate serologies are most of the time due to false reactive results, an HIV status that is neither positive nor negative makes decision-making difficult in certain situations, plunging the actors into a real dilemma 20,24 and leading sometimes to wrong decisions. 25 The psychological weight of such a situation is quite heavy both for the people tested and for the actors who have to make a decision with regard to the serological status. This difficulty is even greater when the HIV serology is carried out on several times and that it always remains undetermined even though it is done with the aim of medical fitness assessment counting for a prenuptial agreement or an administrative purpose such as visa applications or bank loans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of antibodies involved in cases of discordant and indeterminate HIV serology in Togo from 2016 to 2018

Kolou¹,

Tegue²,

Nadjir³

et al. 2022

JHVRV

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Introduction: The national algorithm for the diagnosis of HIV infection in Togo leads sometimes to discordant or indeterminate results. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of discordant and indeterminate HIV serologies at the National Reference Center for HIV testing (CNR-VIH) in Togo. Material and methods: Through a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the cases of discordant and indeterminate serologies from 2016 to 2018 at the CNR-VIH. Three kind of tests were used. The first one is a screening test also called “test 1” is very sensitive while the confirmatory test also called “test 2” is very specific and used when the sample is reactive with test 1. The third test is an immunoblotting test which is used in case of discordance between test 1 and test 2 results. We used Vironostika HIV Uni-Form II Ag/Ab (BioMerieux, Geneva, Switzerland), Determine Alere HIV-1/2 Serum/Plasma (Chiba, Japan) and Murex HIV Ag/Ab (Dartford, UK) as test 1 while Tri-Dot HIV-I/II (J. Mitra & Pvt Ltd. New Delhi-110-India Co.) and Inno-Lia HIV-I/II Score (Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium) were used respectively as test 2 and test 3. The test 3 allowed us to determine the antibodies involved in the occurrence of indeterminate serologies. A pool of indeterminate samples was tested for qualitative detection of HIV-1 RNA by RT-PCR using the NucliSENS EasyQ HIV-1 platform from BioMérieux. Results: A total of 555 discordant serologies corresponding to 4.3% of all serologies performed over the 3 years have been analyzed. The average age of the subjects tested was 36.9 ± 17.4 years and men were slightly more represented with a sex ratio of 1.03. Of the 555 samples, 81 (14.7%) were reactive with 53 (9.6%) cases of HIV-1 and 28 (5.1%) cases of HIV-2. Two hundred and thirty-one (41.6%) samples were negative while the remaining 243 (43.8%) were indeterminate. The frequencies of antibodies (Ab) against gp120, gp41, p24, p31, p17, gp105 and gp36 were respectively 10.3%, 46.3%, 15.5 %, 11.2%, 8.8%, 5.4% and 5.0%. Among the 257 cases for which gp41 Ab had been detected, 202 (78.6%) were cases of indeterminate serology with the only presence of gp41 Ab. Qualitative HIV-1 RNA testing on 71 (29.2%) indeterminate samples was negative. Conclusion: This study showed that discordant serologies are frequently found in our common practice in Togo. The use of immunoblotting tests has the advantage of making it possible to elucidate more than half of these discordant serologies. The contribution of molecular biology techniques is uncertain. The large majority of these indeterminate serologies are due to cross-reactions particularly with gp41. These indeterminate serologies require not only further studies for their understanding but also an update of HIV diagnosis algorithm in Togo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of antibodies involved in cases of discordant and indeterminate HIV serology in Togo from 2016 to 2018

Kolou¹,

Tegue²,

Nadjir³

et al. 2022

JHVRV

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Further, retesting following a negative self-test result is necessary only for those who are at active risk such as people from key populations (MSM, IDU, and sex workers) and those who report potential HIV exposure in the preceding 12 weeks [4]. However, false positive test results do exist with multiple HIV testing platforms, which may result in devastating consequences [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Scale-up Approach For Hiv-stmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implementation of HIV Self-Testing in Resource-Limited Settings Where the HIV Disease Burden is High

Balakrishnan¹,

Girija²,

Saravanan³

et al. 2023

Int J Public Health

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In resource-limited settings, there is growing evidence that HIV testing is lacking among high-risk key populations such as men having sex with men, injection drug users, and transgenders largely due to stigma, discrimination, and lack of confidentiality. Findings from recent studies among high-risk key populations and the general population from various regions including resource-limited settings support the need for wider accessibility of HIV self-testing (HIV-ST) to reach those who may not otherwise have access to testing. Therefore, HIV-ST has untapped potential as a strategy to improve access to HIV testing and to increase testing frequency among key high-risk populations and their partners. Though HIV-ST has emerged as a safe, acceptable, and effective way to reach people, there are several roadblocks to implementing the HIV-ST policy, and fast-track policy implementation needs to be necessitated with newer or modified strategic plans.

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Analysis of the characteristics of patients with false-positive HIV screening assay results

Yuan

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

International Immunopharmacology

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False reactive HIV-1 diagnostic test results in an individual from Kenya on multiple testing platforms-A case report

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of antibodies involved in cases of discordant and indeterminate HIV serology in Togo from 2016 to 2018

Analysis of antibodies involved in cases of discordant and indeterminate HIV serology in Togo from 2016 to 2018

The Implementation of HIV Self-Testing in Resource-Limited Settings Where the HIV Disease Burden is High

Analysis of the characteristics of patients with false-positive HIV screening assay results

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