False-positive Results Obtained for Immunoglobulin M Antibody Tests of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Herpes Simplex Virus in a Patient with Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis

Kinno, Ryuta; Kurokawa, Shinji; Uchiyama, Masanobu; Sakae, Yoshiki; Kasai, Hideyo; Ogata, Hiroaki; Kinugasa, Eriko

doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4891

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…It shall be noteworthy that previous clinical research studies have indicated a correlation between VZV infection and BBB disruption. − In parallel, in the present study, the activated processes and pathways enriched in the PHN-CSF, such as coagulation, complement activation, infection and immune response, phagocytosis, and cholesterol metabolism, were similar to those in previous proteomic research investigating the plasma metabolism of the PHN patients . Besides, PLG and APOA1, the verified hub proteins, are reported to be mainly derived from the bloodstream rather than the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiles in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia

Chen,

Wang,

Long

et al. 2023

J. Proteome Res.

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The intrinsic mechanism of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to seek the hub proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which display significant changes between the PHN and nonpainful patients (Control). First, the proteomic results showed that compared with the Control-CSF, there were 100 upregulated and 50 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the PHN-CSF. Besides, functional analyses including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that biological processes and pathways including complement activation, infection, coagulation, and lipid metabolism were activated, while synaptic organization was suppressed. Next, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that increased PLG, F2, APOA1, APOA2, SERPINC1, and KNG1 and reduced APOE, which were all enriched in the top pathways according to the KEGG analysis, were defined as hub proteins. Finally, three of the hub proteins, such as PLG, APOA1, and APOE, were reconfirmed in a larger cohort using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting methods. Above all, the results indicated that PLG, APOA1, and APOE and their involved processes such as infection, inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and coagulation shall be potential therapeutic approaches. (The raw mass spectrometry proteome data and search results have been deposited to the iProx-integrated Proteome Resources () with the data set identifier IPX0007372000.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiles in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia

Chen,

Wang,

Long

et al. 2023

J. Proteome Res.

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“…The HSV-1 IgM test result was negative despite the presence of a life-threatening acute infection, whereas the HSV-2 IgM test result was positive. False-positive results have been reported for both HSV and VZV (28,29). Of note, IgM may not develop during active reactivation.…”

Section: Case Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin M for Acute Infection: True or False?

Landry

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests have clear clinical utility but also suffer disproportionately from false-positive results, which in turn can lead to misdiagnoses, inappropriate therapy, and premature closure of a diagnostic workup. Despite numerous reports in the literature, many clinicians and laboratorians remain unaware of this issue. In this brief review, a series of virology case examples is presented. However, a false-positive IgM can occur with any pathogen. Thus, when an accurate diagnosis is essential for therapy, prognosis, infection control, or public health, when the patient is sick enough to be hospitalized, or when the clinical or epidemiologic findings do not fit, IgM detection should not be accepted as a stand-alone test. Rather, whenever possible, the diagnosis should be confirmed by other means, including testing of serial samples and the application of additional test methods.

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“…The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with this finding. In addition, no increased risk Many studies have explored the relationship between VZV infection and dementia because VZV can directly invade the brain and cause inflammation (Haanpää et al, 1998;Kinno et al, 2015). Previous studies reported viral replication in the cerebral arteries (Gilden et al, 2009;Stenmark et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of varicella‐zoster virus infection and antiviral treatment on the risk for dementia: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Zhu,

Hu,

Mei

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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Background and purpose:There is increasing evidence to support a role for human herpes viruses in the development of neurodegenerative disorders; however, the association between varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) infection and dementia, and the effect of antiviral therapy on the risk for dementia remain unclear.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from their dates of inception to May 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) served as indicators of effect sizes in evaluations of the effect of VZV infection and antiviral treatment on dementia risk. Subgroup analyses based on study design, study location, diagnostic criteria of dementia, and VZV subtype classification were also performed.ResultsA total of 10 studies with 316,846 dementia cases were included in the meta‐analysis. We found that any VZV infection (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: .97–1.12; p = .22), herpes zoster (HZ) (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: .96–1.13; p = .28), or HZ involving the cranial nerves (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: .76–2.43; p = .304) was not associated with an increased risk of dementia. The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with these findings. However, patients infected with VZV who received antiviral treatment had a lower OR than untreated patients infected with VZV. Compared to individuals not infected with VZV, antiviral therapy in those infected with VZV was associated with reduced risk for dementia.ConclusionThe association between VZV infection and dementia may be masked by antiviral treatment. Further studies with longer follow‐up times that consider the severity of VZV infection and antiviral treatment are needed to clarify the contribution of VZV infection to the risk for dementia.

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False-positive Results Obtained for Immunoglobulin M Antibody Tests of Cerebrospinal Fluid for Herpes Simplex Virus in a Patient with Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiles in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiles in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia

Immunoglobulin M for Acute Infection: True or False?

Effect of varicella‐zoster virus infection and antiviral treatment on the risk for dementia: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

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