False pop out.

Orsten-Hooge, Kimberley; Portillo, Mary C.; Pomerantz, James R.

doi:10.1037/xhp0000077

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…If we had kept such a condition, we would be comparing stimuli comprised of a different number of elements and spatial frequency content, therefore being differentially affected by contrast manipulations. On top of this, single-line stimuli such as these can induce “false pop-out”, an anti-metamere phenomenon that can also induce configural processing and be a remarkable confounder here (see 80 ). One control condition is sufficient given the purposes of the current study, and the one we chose to use here is clearly more adequate (i.e., exact same local elements but distinct global configuration).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gestalts at threshold could reveal Gestalts as predictions

Costa

Wagemans

2021

Sci Rep

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We review and revisit the predictive processing inspired “Gestalts as predictions” hypothesis. The study of Gestalt phenomena at and below threshold can help clarify the role of higher-order object selective areas and feedback connections in mid-level vision. In two psychophysical experiments assessing manipulations of contrast and configurality we showed that: (1) Gestalt phenomena are robust against saliency manipulations across the psychometric function even below threshold (with the accuracy gains and higher saliency associated with Gestalts being present even around chance performance); and (2) peak differences between Gestalt and control conditions happened around the time where responses to Gestalts are starting to saturate (mimicking the differential contrast response profile of striate vs. extra-striate visual neurons). In addition, Gestalts are associated with steeper psychometric functions in all experiments. We propose that these results reflect the differential engagement of object-selective areas in Gestalt phenomena and of information- or percept-based processing, as opposed to energy- or stimulus-based processing, more generally. In addition, the presence of nonlinearities in the psychometric functions suggest differential top-down modulation of the early visual cortex. We treat this as a proof of principle study, illustrating that classic psychophysics can help assess possible involvement of hierarchical predictive processing in Gestalt phenomena.

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gestalts at threshold could reveal Gestalts as predictions

Costa

Wagemans

2021

Sci Rep

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“…We note that both shape (Bergen & Julesz, 1983;Kristjansson & Tse, 2001;Orsten-Hooge, Portillo, & Pomerantz, 2015) and lighting-direction (Aks & Enns, 1992;Kleffner & Ramachandran, 1992;Sun & Perona,1996;Zhang, Huang, Yigit-Elliott, & Rosenholtz, 2015) are basic features which can pre-attentively guide our search. The activation map for Task 1A would have a higher activation for regions with Ts and have no additional top-down activation for lighting-direction because the targets and distractors do not differ in this feature dimension.…”

Section: Effect Of Top-down Processes On Visual Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A paradigm for investigating the effects of top-down processes on visual search

Biswas¹,

kumar²

2019

Preprint

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Searching for things is an essential part of our everyday life. The way we search gives us clues on how our cognitive processes function. Scientists have used the visual search task to study attention, perception, and memory. Visual search performance depends upon a combination of stimulus-driven, bottom-up information, goal-oriented, top-down information, and selection history bias. It is difficult to separate these factors due to their close interaction. Our current study presents a paradigm to isolate the effects of top-down factors in visual search. In our experiments, we asked subjects to perform two different search tasks. A part of the total trials in each of these tasks had the same bottom-up information. That is, they had the same target, distractor, and target-distractor arrangement. We controlled for selection history bias by having an equivalent proportion of target types for all tasks and randomized the trial-order for each subject. We compared the mean response times for the critical trials, which had identical bottom-up information shared across the two pairs of tasks. The results showed a significant difference in mean response times of critical trials for both our experiments. Thus, this paradigm allows us to compare the difference in top-down guidance when controlling for bottom-up factors. Pairwise comparison of top-down guidance for different features given the same bottom-up information allows us to ask interesting questions such as, “Visual search guidance for which features can or cannot be easily increased by top-down processes?” Answers to these questions can further shed light on the ecological and evolutionary importance of such features in perception.

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Visual Search

Wolfe

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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In visual search tasks, observers typically look for one or more target items among distracting items. Visual search lies at an important intersection between vision and attention. It is impossible to fully process everything in the visual scene at once. Most acts of visual object recognition require that resources be directed to one (or a very few) items. Visual selective attention is used to restrict processing for this purpose. Explaining visual search behavior involves explaining how visual selective attention is deployed to get this done. This chapter reviews why we search, how search experiments have been conducted in the lab, and what the resulting data can (and cannot) tell us. Attention is guided by a limited set of stimulus attributes. The candidates for these attributes are discussed here. The chapter also considers how attention is guided by scene structure and the interaction of attentional mechanisms with long‐term and working memory.

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False pop out.

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Gestalts at threshold could reveal Gestalts as predictions

Gestalts at threshold could reveal Gestalts as predictions

A paradigm for investigating the effects of top-down processes on visual search

Visual Search

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