Ecotoxicology is a three-legged stool that, to date, has been balanced on two legs: chemical fate and single-species toxicology. These are necessary but insufficient components of the field. The third leg, that of organism interactions, has been slower to develop as a tool for assessing how an ecosystem is affected by and recovers from chemical stresses. All three aspects must be understood if we are to predict ecosystem grazers are more sensitive and are reduced for a longer period of time. Such unexpected responses make understanding interspecies relationships essential for predicting ecosystem responses.If ecological interactions are to be studied in ecotoxicology, how large, complex, and site-specific must the study units be? Mesocosms, such as ponds or tanks. and enclosures of tural aquatic communities are being used as test units for new pesticides. In genpoints. A test system is needed that includes important species interactions and allows clear, unambiguous demonstrations of the effects of a test chemical without being too complex to understand. Regulatory processes require experimental results that can be verified by subsequent studies at the same or other laboratories.
Ow standardized microcosmThe Standardized Aquatic Microcosm (SAM) differs from other