Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) feeding elicits differential defense responses in upland and lowland switchgrass

Palmer, Nathan A.; Basu, Saumik; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; Bradshaw, Jeffrey D.; Sarath, Gautam; Louis, Joe

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218352

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…These pathways are broadly involved in abiotic and biotic stress response in plants and have been shown to be induced by arthropod herbivory in other systems as well. For example, Palmer et al reported the upregulation of defense-related pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant-hormone signal transduction in switchgrass in response to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [ 58 ]. Further, Liang et al reported the activation of genes involved in signal transduction, flavonoid metabolism, and plant pathogen interactions potentially to have been associated with the resistance of cucumber to Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Exposed to Wheat Curl Mite

Kiani

Bryan²,

Rush³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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(1) Background: The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) is a key pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. While a number of wheat cultivars resistant to the mites have been employed to minimize the impact on the yield and quality of grain, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore changes in transcriptome of resistant and susceptible wheat in order to quantify the molecular changes that drive host plant resistance. (2) Methods: Two varieties, wheat curl mite-susceptible (Karl 92) and wheat curl mite-resistant (TAM112) wheat, both at 2-week postemergence, were used in this study. Half of the plants were exposed to wheat curl mite herbivory and half remained mite-free and served as controls. Transcriptome changes were quantified using RNA-seq and compared among treatments to identify genes and pathways affected by herbivores. (3) Results: We identified a number of genes and pathways involved in plant defenses against pathogens, herbivores, and abiotic stress that were differentially expressed in the resistant wheat exposed to wheat curl mite herbivory but were unaffected in the susceptible wheat. (4) Conclusions: Our outcomes indicated that resistant wheat counteracts wheat curl mite exposure through effective induction of genes and pathways that enhance its defense responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Exposed to Wheat Curl Mite

Kiani

Bryan²,

Rush³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…It also has an annotated genome (https://phytozome. jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?alias=Org_Pvirgatum_er) that has facilitated a better understanding of genomic and functional genomic aspects of this plant [for example: (Dworkin et al, 2017;Taylor et al, 2018;Clifton-Brown et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2019;Palmer et al, 2019a)]. Switchgrass occurs as upland and lowland ecotypes (Vogel et al, 2011), and some tetraploid switchgrass ecotypes differ in their susceptibility to aphids (Koch et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) is an herbaceous non-model species targeted for bioenergy but with important ecosystem advantages as a conservation and forage crop ( Vogel et al., 2011 ). It also has an annotated genome ( ) that has facilitated a better understanding of genomic and functional genomic aspects of this plant [for example: ( Dworkin et al., 2017 ; Taylor et al., 2018 ; Clifton-Brown et al., 2019 ; Jiang et al., 2019 ; Palmer et al., 2019a )]. Switchgrass occurs as upland and lowland ecotypes ( Vogel et al., 2011 ), and some tetraploid switchgrass ecotypes differ in their susceptibility to aphids ( Koch et al., 2014a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

et al. 2020

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Aphid herbivory elicits plant defense-related networks that are influenced by host genetics. Plants of the upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) cultivar Summer can be a suitable host for greenbug aphids (Schizaphis graminum; GB), and yellow sugarcane aphids (Sipha flava, YSA), whereas the lowland cultivar Kanlow exhibited multi-species resistance that curtails aphid reproduction. However, stabilized hybrids of Summer (♀) x Kanlow (♂) (SxK) with improved agronomics can be damaged by both aphids. Here, hormone and metabolite analyses, coupled with RNA-Seq analysis of plant transcriptomes, were utilized to delineate defense networks induced by aphid feeding in SxK switchgrass and pinpoint plant transcription factors (TFs), such as WRKYs that potentially regulate these responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels were significantly higher in GB infested plants at 5 and 10 days after infestation (DAI). ABA levels were highest at 15DAI in YSA infested plants. Jasmonic acid levels were significantly elevated under GB infestation, while salicylic acid levels were signifi40cantly elevated only at 15 DAI in YSA infested plants. Similarly, levels of several metabolites were altered in common or specifically to each aphid. YSA infestation induced a significant enrichment of flavonoids consistent with an upregulation of many genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis at 15DAI. Gene co-expression modules that responded singly to either aphid or in common to both aphids were differentiated and linked to specific TFs. Together, these data provide important clues into the interplay of metabolism and transcriptional remodeling accompanying defense responses to aphid herbivory in hybrid switchgrass.

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“…Many TF families have been identified as playing a role in response to insect herbivores in other plants [ 9 , 56 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Here, two members of the WRKY family (WRKY50 and WRKY70) were upregulated after aphid attacks for both cultivars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, switchgrass cultivars often differ in their responses to biotic and abiotic stress as well [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Among biotic stressors that have been evaluated, differential responses to insect herbivory have been reported [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Plants, especially at the early stages of growth, can be susceptible to aphid infestation, although economic damage to field-grown biomass has not been evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Defense Responses of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars to a Cereal Aphid Pest

Pingault

Palmer

Koch

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) (Sipha flava, Forbes) is a damaging pest on many grasses. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass, has been selected as a bioenergy feedstock because of its perceived resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. Aphid infestation on switchgrass has the potential to reduce the yields and biomass quantity. Here, the global defense response of switchgrass cultivars Summer and Kanlow to YSA feeding was analyzed by RNA-seq and metabolite analysis at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation. Genes upregulated by infestation were more common in both cultivars compared to downregulated genes. In total, a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the YSA susceptible cultivar (Summer), and fewer DEGs were observed in the YSA resistant cultivar (Kanlow). Interestingly, no downregulated genes were found in common between each time point or between the two switchgrass cultivars. Gene co-expression analysis revealed upregulated genes in Kanlow were associated with functions such as flavonoid, oxidation-response to chemical, or wax composition. Downregulated genes for the cultivar Summer were found in co-expression modules with gene functions related to plant defense mechanisms or cell wall composition. Global analysis of defense networks of the two cultivars uncovered differential mechanisms associated with resistance or susceptibility of switchgrass in response to YSA infestation. Several gene co-expression modules and transcription factors correlated with these differential defense responses. Overall, the YSA-resistant Kanlow plants have an enhanced defense even under aphid uninfested conditions.

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Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) feeding elicits differential defense responses in upland and lowland switchgrass

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Exposed to Wheat Curl Mite

Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Exposed to Wheat Curl Mite

Aphid-Responsive Defense Networks in Hybrid Switchgrass

Differential Defense Responses of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars to a Cereal Aphid Pest

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