Fall and Winter Diets of Juvenile Coho Salmon in a Small Stream and an Adjacent Pond in Washington State

Minakawa, Noboru; Kraft, G. F.

doi:10.1080/02705060.1999.9663676

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…gambiae s.s. on reclaimed land, though this could be avoided by planting trees [41] . Since such backwater habitats are important for nursing juvenile fish and other organisms [42] , [43] , reclamation requires additional care for environmental preservation. In fact, several juvenile fish were often observed in the lagoons during larval sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Vectors in Lake Victoria and Adjacent Habitats in Western Kenya

et al. 2012

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The prevalence of malaria among the residents of the Lake Victoria basin remains high. The environment associated with the lake may maintain a high number of malaria vectors. Lake habitats including water hyacinths have been suspected to be the source of vectors. This study investigated whether malaria vectors breed in the lake habitats and adjacent backwater pools. Anopheline larvae were collected within the littoral zone of the lake and adjacent pools located along approximately 24.3 km of the lakeshore in western Kenya, and their breeding sites characterized. Three primary vector species, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles funestus s.s., and three potential vectors, were found in the lake habitats. Unexpectedly, An. arabiensis was the most dominant vector species in the lake sampling sites. Its habitats were uncovered or covered with short grass. A potential secondary malaria vector, Anopheles rivulorum, dominated the water hyacinths in the lake. Most breeding sites in the lake were limited to areas that were surrounded by tall emergent plants, including trees, and those not exposed to waves. Nearly half of adjacent habitats were lagoons that were separated from the lake by sand bars. Lagoons contained a variety of microhabitats. Anopheles arabiensis dominated open habitats, whereas An. funestus s.s. was found mainly in vegetated habitats in lagoons. The current study confirmed that several breeding sites are associated with Lake Victoria. Given that Lake Victoria is the second largest lake in the world, the lake related habitats must be extensive; therefore, making targeted vector control difficult. Further exploration is necessary to estimate the effects of lake associated habitats on malaria transmission so as to inform a rational decision-making process for vector control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Vectors in Lake Victoria and Adjacent Habitats in Western Kenya

et al. 2012

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“…Insect drift is an important food source for stream salmonids (Johnson and Ringler 1980), and salmon redd excavation increases potential food sources for juvenile salmonids by dislodging benthic insects (Peterson and Foote 2000). Moreover, given that simuliid larvae are important in the diet of juvenile coho salmon O. kisutch in a stream in the Pacific Northwest (Minakawa and Kraft 1999), a sharp rise in the abundance of fast insect colonizers, such as the Simuliidae and Baetis spp. in our study, may increase the food resources available to juvenile salmonids after salmon redd excavation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chum Salmon Redd Excavation on Benthic Communities in a Stream in the Pacific Northwest

Minakawa

Gara

2003

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

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We studied effects of redd excavation by wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta on insect communities in a stream in the Pacific Northwest. During the salmon redd excavation, the total mean insect densities in the spawning reach decreased to 10.8–14.7% of their predisturbance values. Mean densities of the major taxa, mayflies Baetis spp. and Cinygmula spp., midges Orthocladiinae, stoneflies Paraperla spp., and black flies Simuliidae, in the spawning reach were 0.4–55.1% of the predisturbance values during redd excavation. Densities of these taxa in the spawning reach were 1.1–46.6% of densities in the nonspawning reach during salmon redd excavation. Twenty‐nine days after redd excavation, the densities of Baetis spp., Orthocladiinae, and Simuliidae in the spawning reach exceeded the values of the same taxa in the nonspawning reach. Statistical analyses revealed that the presence or absence of spawning salmon was significantly associated with the distances (or dissimilarities) among stream insect communities (reach × sampling date combination) and the densities of insect taxa (except for Simuliidae); salmon redd excavation reduced insect densities and altered insect community structure.

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“…We artificially constructed a pond (approximately 39 m long, 12 m wide, and 1.6 m deep) in the flood plain adjacent to Baker Creek, which empties into Bellingham Bay (Washington, USA) (Minakawa & Kraft 1999). The pond was connected to the adjacent stream by a screened 12-cm pipe inlet and a screened channel outlet, and it served as a backwater habitat for juvenile coho salmon ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%