Falciparum malaria and the kidney: A model of inflammation

Eiam‐Ong, Somchai; Sitprija, Visith

doi:10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9740151

Cited by 76 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Men were more affected in our study as compared with women, similar to observations of other groups [11][12][13] .This could be explained by the fact that men are more mobile and also the working class was more affected compared to the geriatric population. Our study showed no mortality in malarial ARF, which was not consistent with other studies which reported 15-45% mortality 14 .…”

Section: Disscussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Occurrence and Severity of Acute Renal Failure in Malaria

Bhandary

2011

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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Objective:To assess the occurrence and severity of acute renal failure in hospitalized malaria patients. Patients and Methods: In a hospital based set up out of 400 cases of fever, 102 were detected with positive malarial parasite. Clinical history and assessment were recorded in all the study patients and all other known etiological causes of fever and jaundice were excluded by relevant investigations. The renal function test including both Blood urea and serum creatinine was done for the patients.Acute Renal Failure(ARF): Those with serum creatinine >1.5 mg% and normal size kidneys on USG were included in ARF and further divided in 3 groups: mild (Scr < 2 mg%), moderate (Scr 2-5 mg%) and severe (Scr>5mg%). Result: Of total 102 malaria positive patients, Plasmodium falciparum was seen in 6 patients (5.88%), plasmodium vivax in 46(45.09%) and mixed infection in 50patients (49.01%). Eleven patients (10.78%) out of 102 patients had ARF and malarial positive. Plasmodium falciparum was the causative agent in 1; P.vivax in 3 and mixed infection in 7 patients. Out of 102 patients two patients had severe renal failure with creatinine values more than 5mg/dl. 89.22% of patients with malaria had serum creatinine below 1.5mg/dl. Conclusion: It can be concluded that in south kanara region it is the mixed and plain P.vivax which was more common.ARF occurs commonly in plasmodium falciparum malaria but in our study it has been reported in mixed & plasmodium vivax.

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Section: Disscussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Occurrence and Severity of Acute Renal Failure in Malaria

Bhandary

2011

Int Jour of Biomed Res

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“…7 In normal conditions, diverse species produce avid hemebinding plasma proteins, such as hemopexin, that efficiently remove most of the heme produced intravascularly, 8 thus preventing nonspecific cellular heme uptake and heme-catalyzed oxidation reactions. However, pathologic situations of increased hemolysis can lead to very high levels of free heme, as in malaria, 9 sickle cell disease, 10 HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver levels, and low platelet count) syndrome, 11 or regions with turbulent blood flow. 12 Very little work has been done to assess the consequences of the interaction of free heme with intact cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil activation by heme: implications for inflammatory processes

Graça-Souza

Arruda

Freitas

et al. 2002

Blood

252

213

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Heme, a ubiquitous iron-containing compound, is present in large amounts in many cells and is inherently dangerous, particularly when it escapes from intracellular sites. The release of heme from damaged cells and tissues is supposed to be higher in diseases such as malaria and hemolytic anemia or in trauma and hemorrhage. We investigated here the role of free ferriprotoporphyrin IX (hemin) as a proinflammatory molecule, with particular attention to its ability to activate neutrophil responses. Injecting hemin into the rat pleural cavity resulted in a dosedependent migration of neutrophils, indicating that hemin is able to promote the recruitment of these cells in vivo. In vitro, hemin induced human neutrophil chemotaxis and cytoskeleton reorganization, as revealed by the increase of neutrophil actin polymerization. Exposure of human neutrophils to 3 M hemin activated the expression of the chemokine interleukin-8, as demonstrated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, indicating a putative molecular mechanism by which hemin induces chemotaxis in vivo. Brief incubation of human neutrophils with micromolar concentrations of hemin (1-20 M) triggered the oxidative burst, and the production of reactive oxygen species was directly proportional to the concentration of hemin added to the cells. Finally, we observed that human neutrophil protein kinase C was activated by hemin in vitro, with a K 1/2 of 5 M. Taken IntroductionHeme released from hemeproteins has been shown to promote the formation of oxygen radicals, playing a role as a catalyst in the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. [1][2][3] In addition, free heme can promptly bind to and oxidize low-density lipoprotein, acting as a biologically relevant lipoprotein oxidant. 4 Hemoglobin (probably because of the release of free heme and heme iron) may contribute to the acute renal failure often seen after episodes of intravascular hemolysis. 5,6 In fact, it has been proposed that heme could be considered one causative agent in organ failure after ischemia-reperfusion because heme-oxygenase is induced in heart and kidney. 7 In normal conditions, diverse species produce avid hemebinding plasma proteins, such as hemopexin, that efficiently remove most of the heme produced intravascularly, 8 thus preventing nonspecific cellular heme uptake and heme-catalyzed oxidation reactions. However, pathologic situations of increased hemolysis can lead to very high levels of free heme, as in malaria, 9 sickle cell disease, 10 HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver levels, and low platelet count) syndrome, 11 or regions with turbulent blood flow. 12 Very little work has been done to assess the consequences of the interaction of free heme with intact cells. It has been demonstrated that free heme is promptly incorporated into endothelial cells in vitro and that this association potentiates the oxidative damage induced by chemical agents. 13 It is interesting to note that patients suffering from sickle cell disease often exhibit a low-grade chronic inflammation...

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“…Uno de los patrones clínicos de la lesión renal en el paciente con malaria es el desarrollo de nefritis intersticial aguda, la cual, si bien se ha reportado en modelos animales luego de la vacunación con antígenos de P. falciparum (101,102), no se ha informado como una lesión aislada en pacientes con malaria por P. falciparum sino asociada a necrosis tubular aguda y lesión glomerular (48,103,104). Se ha informado leucocituria en pacientes sin malaria pero con nefritis intersticial aguda (105,106), alteración que se informado hasta en 82 % de los pacientes con nefritis intersticial inducida por fármacos (105).…”

Section: Leucocitosunclassified

Urinalysis as a diagnostic tool in severe malaria

Barrera

Tobón-Castaño

2017

biomedica

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Recibido: 15/07/16; aceptado: 26/02/17 Contribución de los autores:Sebastián Barrera: búsqueda bibliográfica y escritura del manuscrito Alberto Tobón: búsqueda bibliográfica, revisión crítica, corrección y escritura del manuscrito Los dos autores participaron en la escritura del manuscrito. La malaria produce complicaciones y muerte especialmente en poblaciones con acceso limitado a la atención en salud. La malaria grave puede reconocerse tempranamente mediante la detección en la orina de hallazgos como la hematuria, la coluria y la proteinuria. Se hizo una revisión narrativa basada en estudios sobre malaria grave y el empleo del análisis de orina mediante la consulta de 91 publicaciones. Mediante el análisis de la orina, se pueden detectar alteraciones metabólicas y lesiones en distintos órganos. En estudios recientes en Colombia se ha confirmado su utilidad como apoyo en el diagnóstico de la disfunción renal, la disfunción hepática y la anemia asociada con hemólisis, las cuales son complicaciones frecuentes en la malaria. El examen constituye una herramienta de fácil aplicación en la consulta ambulatoria y en pacientes hospitalizados para reconocer tempranamente casos complicados, y permite la detección oportuna de diferentes lesiones en el paciente con malaria, contribuyendo así a la reducción de la morbilidad grave y la mortalidad.Palabras clave: malaria, proteinuria, hematuria.doi: https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.3416 Urinalysis as a diagnostic tool in severe malariaMalaria accounts for a significant morbidity and mortality rate around the world, especially in communities with limited access to healthcare. Some clinical signs in urine, like haematuria, coluria and proteinuria, help for the early diagnosis of severe malaria cases. A narrative review was conducted by analyzing 91 publications on studies about severe malaria cases and the use of urinalysis. A urinalysis can detect metabolic disturbances and organ injury. Its diagnostic utility for frequent complications caused by malaria, such as hepatic injury, kidney dysfunction and hemolysis, has been confirmed by recent Colombian studies. This test is an easy-to-use tool in outpatient clinics and with hospitalized patients to promptly recognize complicated cases, allowing the timely identification of different lesions in patients with malaria, thus contributing to the reduction of severe morbidity and mortality. La malaria es una enfermedad que afecta principalmente a las comunidades que habitan en regiones tropicales en donde constituye un importante problema de salud pública; las poblaciones afectadas tienen, en general, un acceso limitado a la atención en salud y a los recursos diagnósticos.En 2015 se informó una incidencia de 214 millones de casos clínicos y 438.000 muertes, la mayoría en el África subsahariana (1). La malaria afecta de manera importante a los niños, grupo que representó el 16 % del total de casos en 2015 (2) y se consideró la causa de 7 % de las muertes

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Falciparum malaria and the kidney: A model of inflammation

Cited by 76 publications

References 104 publications

Occurrence and Severity of Acute Renal Failure in Malaria

Occurrence and Severity of Acute Renal Failure in Malaria

Neutrophil activation by heme: implications for inflammatory processes

Urinalysis as a diagnostic tool in severe malaria

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