Faktor Risiko Penyakit Dekompresi Pada Nelayan Penyelam Di Pulau Barrang Lompo

Abstract

Decompression sickness is a disorder or disease caused by the release and increase of gas bubbles from the dissolved phase in blood or tissue due to the pressure drop that is often experienced by diving fishermen. Symptoms include dizziness, joint pain, paralysis, and even death. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of decompression disease in divers in Barrang Lompo Island. This study used a Case-Control Study design. The study population was all divers with 15-64 years of age, either suffering or not suffering decompression sickness. The research subjects were 47 cases and 94 controls obtained by accidental sampling. The results showed that the depth of diving (OR = 2.641; Cl 95% = 1.285-5.428), frequency of diving (OR = 4.067; Cl 95% = 1.939-8.531), and length of diving (OR = 3.872; Cl 95% = 1.657-9.052) were the risk factors of the decompression disease incidence on divers in Barrang Lompo Island. It is suggested to divers and all members who participate in the search to prepare a dive plan according to procedures related to depth, frequency, and duration of dives to reduce the incidence of decompression sickness.

Characteristics of patients with decompression illness at the hyperbaric polyclinic of Prof IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital Bali before the COVID-19 pandemic

“…In this study, most divers performed repetitive dives (n=92.78%) with diving depth > 20 meters (n=73.61.9%) and an average surface interval of 101,184 minutes. The frequency of diving >2 times increases the risk of DCS 4 times compared to diving ≤ 2 times a day (Wijaya et al, 2021). DCS almost does not occur on a single dive to a depth of <6 meters, however arterial gas embolism can arise after rising from the deepest depth then DCS will start at least at 6 meters depth of diving (Vann et al, 2011;Buzzacott, 2012).…”

“…In addition, safety stop and rapid ascent procedures can determine the severity of DCS (Suzuki et al, 2018). Other provoking factors in DCS are flight (incidence rate specifically <0.1% per exposure) and panic (Vann et al, 2011;Wijaya et al, 2021). The onset of the appearance of DCS manifestations depends on the depth of dive that generally arises within 6 hours of rising to the surface.…”

“…The longer the rest period, the more nitrogen gas is released, so the risk of decompression is reduced (Madden & Laden, 2009;Liou et al, 2015). Research shows surface intervals of less than 56 minutes are at 8,167 times the risk of suffering from decompression compared to divers who rest longer than 56 minutes, however, other studies have shown there is no risk of surface intervals with decompression events (Wijaya et al, 2021).…”

“…The formation of intravascular or extravascular bubbles that lead to DCI will destruct local tissues or becomes an embolism that can clog blood flow and the nervous system, causing symptoms such as joint pain, muscles, headaches, and hives, paralysis, tingling or thick feeling, to death (Vann et al, 2011;Wijaya et al, 2021).…”

“…Some factors that increase the occurrence of DCI are obesity, fatigue, chills, dehydration, depth, frequency, and length of diving. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is carried out as soon as possible (Wijaya et al, 2021;Uppal & Jayatunga, 2020). Prof. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, is one of the HBOT places in Indonesia.…”