Faking Behavior

Röhner, Jessica; Schütz, Astrid

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2341

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…16 Thus, participants were able to fake high scores and low scores on the IAT (see Table 2 ). In agreement with previous research on faking (e.g., Salgado, 2016 ; see Röhner & Schütz, 2019 , or Ziegler et al, 2012 , for an overview), faking not only affected means, but was also related to changes in reliability and construct-related validity. Split-half reliabilities and correlations between the extraversion IAT and the extraversion scale (i.e., implicit–explicit correlations) are presented in Table 2 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Naïve faking has received a great deal of research attention and is a large concern for applied settings (e.g., Röhner & Holden, 2021 ) because this kind of faking does not require test respondents to have access to test-compromising information. Faking can result in altered test scores and rank orders—it can, thus, impact the validity of test scores (e.g., Salgado, 2016 ; see Röhner & Schütz, 2019 , or Ziegler et al, 2012 , for an overview). This has motivated researchers to develop faking indices that are able to identify fakers.…”

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confidence: 99%

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IAT faking indices revisited: Aspects of replicability and differential validity

2022

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Research demonstrates that IATs are fakeable. Several indices [either slowing down or speeding up, and increasing errors or reducing errors in congruent and incongruent blocks; Combined Task Slowing (CTS); Ratio 150–10000] have been developed to detect faking. Findings on these are inconclusive, but previous studies have used small samples, suggesting they were statistically underpowered. Further, the stability of the results, the unique predictivity of the indices, the advantage of combining indices, and the dependency on how faking success is computed have yet to be examined. Therefore, we reanalyzed a large data set (N = 750) of fakers and non-fakers who completed an extraversion IAT. Results showed that faking strategies depend on the direction of faking. It was possible to detect faking of low scores due to slowing down on the congruent block, and somewhat less with CTS—both strategies led to faking success. In contrast, the strategy of increasing errors on the congruent block was observed but was not successful in altering the IAT effect in the desired direction. Fakers of high scores could be detected due to slowing down on the incongruent block, increasing errors on the incongruent block, and with CTS—all three strategies led to faking success. The results proved stable in subsamples and generally across different computations of faking success. Using regression analyses and machine learning, increasing errors had the strongest impact on the classification. Apparently, fakers use various goal-dependent strategies and not all are successful. To detect faking, we recommend combining indices depending on the context (and examining convergence).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

IAT faking indices revisited: Aspects of replicability and differential validity

2022

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“…1 Difference Scores. An alternative traditional approach involves the use of difference scores (e.g., Ferrando & Anguiano-Carrasco, 2011;Ro ¨hner & Schu ¨tz, 2020). This approach is usually implemented to study faking experimentally and usually focuses on differences in test scores between faking and nonfaking conditions (e.g., Alliger & Dwight, 2000;McDaniel et al, 2009;Ro ¨hner et al, 2011;Viswesvaran & Ones, 1999;Wood et al, 2022).…”

Section: Traces Of Faking and Faking Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faking is part of the broader phenomenon of response distortion in psychological assessment (e.g., Röhner & Schütz, 2020 ).…”

Section: The Facts Of the Case: Fakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can People With Higher Versus Lower Scores on Impression Management or Self-Monitoring Be Identified Through Different Traces Under Faking?

Röhner

Thoss

Uziel

2023

Educational and Psychological Measurement

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According to faking models, personality variables and faking are related. Most prominently, people’s tendency to try to make an appropriate impression (impression management; IM) and their tendency to adjust the impression they make (self-monitoring; SM) have been suggested to be associated with faking. Nevertheless, empirical findings connecting these personality variables to faking have been contradictory, partly because different studies have given individuals different tests to fake and different faking directions (to fake low vs. high scores). Importantly, whereas past research has focused on faking by examining test scores, recent advances have suggested that the faking process could be better understood by analyzing individuals’ responses at the item level (response pattern). Using machine learning (elastic net and random forest regression), we reanalyzed a data set ( N = 260) to investigate whether individuals’ faked response patterns on extraversion (features; i.e., input variables) could reveal their IM and SM scores. We found that individuals had similar response patterns when they faked, irrespective of their IM scores (excluding the faking of high scores when random forest regression was used). Elastic net and random forest regression converged in revealing that individuals higher on SM differed from individuals lower on SM in how they faked. Thus, response patterns were able to reveal individuals’ SM, but not IM. Feature importance analyses showed that whereas some items were faked differently by individuals with higher versus lower SM scores, others were faked similarly. Our results imply that analyses of response patterns offer valuable new insights into the faking process.

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Faking Behavior

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

IAT faking indices revisited: Aspects of replicability and differential validity

IAT faking indices revisited: Aspects of replicability and differential validity

Can People With Higher Versus Lower Scores on Impression Management or Self-Monitoring Be Identified Through Different Traces Under Faking?

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