Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation

Roozenbeek, Jon; Linden, Sander van der

doi:10.1057/s41599-019-0279-9

Cited by 423 publications

(527 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The fake news game Bad News is a real-world inoculation intervention (https://www. getbadnews.com) used by schools and governments that finds that pre-emptively exposing people to small doses of misinformation techniques (including scenarios about COVID-19) can reduce susceptibility to fake news 131,132 and could be embedded directly on social media platforms 133 .…”

Section: Conspiracy Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

et al. 2020

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Section: Conspiracy Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

et al. 2020

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“…2) Modification of agent reinfection rate: This strategy controls the network behavior by selecting one or more agents for treatment to decrease its reinfection rate. In the epidemiological setting, this is vaccination, and in the behavioral setting, it could be inoculation as in psychology research [2]. We make just one modification to the example network of four agents: β 42 = 1 becomesβ 42 = 0.3.…”

Section: A Control From Endemic To Infection-free Steady Statementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in psychology there is a well-established "inoculation theory" [2], [20], [21], which has shown that an effective way to combat the spread of misinformation is to preexpose people to misinformation so that they develop at least partial cognitive immunity to subsequent contact with misinformation. Examples also abound in social animal behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Susceptibility and Heterogeneity in Contagion Models on Networks

Pagliara

Leonard

2021

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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Contagious processes, such as spread of infectious diseases, social behaviors, or computer viruses, affect biological, social, and technological systems. Epidemic models for large populations and finite populations on networks have been used to understand and control both transient and steady-state behaviors. Typically it is assumed that after recovery from an infection, every agent will either return to its original susceptible state or acquire full immunity to reinfection. We study the network SIRI (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Infected) model, an epidemic model for the spread of contagious processes on a network of heterogeneous agents that can adapt their susceptibility to reinfection. The model generalizes existing models to accommodate realistic conditions in which agents acquire partial or compromised immunity after first exposure to an infection. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions on model parameters and network structure that distinguish four dynamic regimes: infection-free, epidemic, endemic, and bistable. For the bistable regime, which is not accounted for in traditional models, we show how there can be a rapid resurgent epidemic after what looks like convergence to an infection-free population. We use the model and its predictive capability to show how control strategies can be designed to mitigate problematic contagious behaviors.

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“…Inoculation differs from debunking strategies, which refute false claims only after they have been seen or heard; it is thus especially valuable, since disinformation is often resistant to debunking after the fact Lewandowsky et al, 2012). Furthermore, unlike topic-specific debunking, inoculation aims to instill recipients' domain-general competence to see through attempts of manipulation (Roozenbeek & van der Linden, 2019), making it a particularly suitable cognitive strategy when fact-checking or evidence-based refutation is costly or unavailable.…”

Section: Inoculation: Boosting Cognitive Resilience To Misinformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizens Versus the Internet: Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools

Kozyreva¹,

Lewandowsky²,

Hertwig³

2019

Preprint

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The Internet has evolved into a ubiquitous and indispensable digital environment in which people communicate, seek information, and make decisions. Despite offering various benefits, online environments are also replete with smart, highly adaptive choice architectures designed primarily to maximize commercial interests, capture and sustain users’ attention, monetize user data, and predict and influence future behavior. This online landscape holds multiple negative consequences for society, such as a decline in human autonomy, rising incivility in online conversation, the facilitation of political extremism, and the spread of disinformation. Benevolent choice architects working with regulators may curb the worst excesses of manipulative choice architectures, yet the strategic advantages, resources, and data remain with commercial players. One way to address this imbalance is with interventions that empower Internet users to gain some control over their digital environments, in part by boosting their information literacy and their cognitive resistance to manipulation. Our goal is to present a conceptual map of interventions that are based on insights from psychological science. We begin by systematically outlining how online and offline environments differ despite being increasingly inextricable. We then identify four major types of challenges that users encounter in online environments: persuasive and manipulative choice architectures, AI-assisted information architectures, false and misleading information, and distractive environments. Next, we turn to how psychological science can inform interventions to counteract these challenges of the digital world. After distinguishing between three types of behavioral and cognitive interventions—nudges, technocognition, and boosts—we focus in on boosts, of which we identify two main groups: (1) those aimed at enhancing people’s agency in their digital environments (e.g., self-nudging, deliberate ignorance) and (2) those aimed at boosting competences of reasoning and resilience to manipulation (e.g., simple decision aids, inoculation). These cognitive tools are designed to foster the civility of online discourse and protect reason and human autonomy against manipulative choice architectures, attention-grabbing techniques, and the spread of false information.

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Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation

Cited by 423 publications

References 61 publications

Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Adaptive Susceptibility and Heterogeneity in Contagion Models on Networks

Citizens Versus the Internet: Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools

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