Faithful pair bonds in wild seahorses, Hippocampus whitei

Vincent, Amanda C. J.; Sadler, Laila M.

doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80011-5

Cited by 173 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In wild seahorse populations, monogamy appears to be the rule rather than the exception. It is thought that such pair bonding is reinforced by daily greetings which are performed only with an individual's partner (Vincent et al 1992;Vincent 1995c;Vincent & Sadler 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary observations on breeding and rearing the seahorseHippocampus abdominalis(Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in captivity

Woods¹

2000

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

102

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A small-scale preliminary investigation into the breeding and rearing of the seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis Leeson, 1827 in New Zealand was conducted using 12 wildbroodstock. These broodstock were maintained in a hatchery for breeding and the breeding behaviours exhibited by these were observed and described. Over a period of 6 months a total of 12 broods of juveniles were produced. These were then raised on a diet consisting mainly of enriched Artemia for a period of 1 year. After this period juveniles had reached a mean ± 1 SE total length of 110.73 ±0.13 mm, mean ± 1 SE wet weight of 3.07 + 0.23 g, and were reproductively mature. The mean + 1 SE survival per brood after 1 year was 10.57 ± 3.49%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary observations on breeding and rearing the seahorseHippocampus abdominalis(Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in captivity

Woods¹

2000

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

102

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“…Among seahorses (Hippocampus spp. ), the monogamous mating pattern is well documented both socially (Vincent and Sadler 1995;Kvarnemo et al 2000;Masonjones and Lewis 2000;Perante et al 2002) and genetically (Jones and Avise 2001) and social monogamy has been confirmed among Corythoichthys spp. pipefishes (Gronell 1984;Matsumoto and Yanagisawa 2001).…”

Section: Correlated Evolution Of Sex Roles and Mating Patternsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In contrast, monogamous species with a conventional mating pattern tend to occur at lower densities, have reduced mobility, and fixed home ranges (i.e., Corythoichthys spp., Hippocampus spp. ;Gronell 1984;Vincent and Sadler 1995;Kvarnemo et al 2000;Perante et al 2002). These differences in population densities may influence opportunities for remating.…”

Section: Correlated Evolution Of Sex Roles and Mating Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…True to predictions, although some pipefishes retain conventional sex roles (e.g., Hippichthys penicillus), several species are sex-role reversed (e.g., Nerophis ophidion, Stigmatopora nigra, Syngnathus typhle), with females that are more vividly colored and striped than males (Table 1). One notable exception to this pattern is the genus Hippocampus, in which, although these species have the highest degree of pouch development, sex-role reversal has not yet been documented (Vincent and Sadler 1995;Kvarnemo et al 2000;Masonjones and Lewis 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Dynamics of Male Brooding, Mating Patterns, and Sex Roles in Pipefishes and Seahorses (Family Syngnathidae)

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Modern theory predicts that relative parental investment of the sexes in their young is a key factor responsible for sexual selection. Seahorses and pipefishes (family Syngnathidae) are extraordinary among fishes in their remarkable adaptations for paternal care and frequent occurrences of sex-role reversals (i.e., female-female competition for mates), offering exceptional opportunities to test predictions of sexual selection theory. During mating, the female transfers eggs into or onto specialized egg-brooding structures that are located on either the male's abdomen or its tail, where they are osmoregulated, aerated, and nourished by specially adapted structures. All syngnathid males exhibit this form of parental care but the brooding structures vary, ranging from the simple ventral gluing areas of some pipefishes to the completely enclosed pouches found in seahorses. We present a molecular phylogeny that indicates that the diversification of pouch types is positively correlated with the major evolutionary radiation of the group, suggesting that this extreme development and diversification of paternal care may have been an important evolutionary innovation of the Syngnathidae. Based on recent studies that show that the complexity of brooding structures reflects the degree of paternal investment in several syngnathid species, we predicted sex-role reversals to be more common among species with more complex brooding structures. In contrast to this prediction, however, both parsimony-and likelihoodbased reconstructions of the evolution of sex-role reversal in pipefishes and seahorses suggest multiple shifts in sex roles in the group, independent from the degree of brood pouch development. At the same time, our data demonstrate that sex-role reversal is positively associated with polygamous mating patterns, whereas most nonreversed species mate monogamously, suggesting that selection for polygamy or monogamy in pipefishes and seahorses may strongly influence sex roles in the wild. In the vast majority of animals, the male's sole contribution to his offspring is his sperm (Trivers 1972). As a result, even when the observed sex ratio of males to females is equal, the operational sex ratio is often biased toward males and males almost universally compete more strongly for mates, while females typically exert greater mate choice (Darwin 1871;Emlen and Oring 1977). Although most egg-laying fishes leave their eggs unprotected after spawning, sole male care is the predominant pattern in those species that care for their young (Blumer 1982). Paternal care is likely to increase offspring fitness, but may reduce the father's ability to invest in other offspring (i.e., a parental investment sensu Trivers 1972).Sex roles are defined by mating competition (Emlen and Oring 1977). Sex-role reversal occurs when females primarily compete for access to mates, as compared to conventional sex roles with male-male mating competition (cf. mating roles, Gwynne 1991). Traditionally, the concept of parental investment has been us...

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“…Some life-history traits of seahorses, such as low reproductive rate, parental care by males, sedentary behaviour and patchy distributions make them very vulnerable to over-exploitation (Vincent and Sadler, 1995;Lourie et al, 2004). Findings of a decade ago suggested that all exploited populations of seahorses were in decline (Vincent, 1995), and very recently, detailed studies of H. comes in the central Philippines found evidence of both recruitment and growth overfishing (Martin-Smith et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative monitoring of the ornamental trade of seahorses and pipefishes (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in Brazil: Bahia State as a case study

2006

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Many species of seahorses and pipefishes (family Syngnathidae) are traded for medicinal purposes and aquaria; some are also sold as souvenirs or curiosities. Brazil is one of the main suppliers of seahorses for the international aquarium trade, nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of that trade in the country. With regards to pipefishes, virtually nothing is known about their captures for ornamental purposes in Brazil. The present study assesses the magnitude of captures and trade of seahorses and pipefishes, based on data obtained through a collaborative monitoring program established with the main retailer of marine ornamental organisms in the State of Bahia. The syngnathid fishery is conducted in shallow waters never exceeding 7 m, generally by breathhold diving. Both seahorses and pipefishes are mostly caught by hand, and only rarely hand-nets or plastic bags are used. Muitas espécies de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo (família Syngnathidae) são comercializadas para fins medicinais e de aquarismo; algumas são também vendidas como suvenires ou curiosidades. O Brasil é um dos maiores fornecedores de cavalos-marinhos para o comércio aquarista internacional, porém pouco se sabe sobre a magnitude das capturas no país. Com relação aos peixes-cachimbo, praticamente nada se conhece acerca das suas capturas para fins ornamentais no Brasil. O presente estudo avalia a magnitude das capturas e do comércio de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo para fins ornamentais, a partir de dados obtidos através de um programa de monitoramento desenvolvido em colaboração com o principal comerciante de organismos ornamentais marinhos no estado da Bahia. A pesca de cavalos-marinhos e peixes-cachimbo é realizada em águas rasas, nunca excedendo 7m de profundidade, geralmente em apnéia. Tanto cavalos-marinhos como peixes-cachimbo são coletados manualmente, e apenas raramente redes ou sacos plásticos são usados.

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Faithful pair bonds in wild seahorses, Hippocampus whitei

Cited by 173 publications

References 29 publications

Preliminary observations on breeding and rearing the seahorseHippocampus abdominalis(Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in captivity

Preliminary observations on breeding and rearing the seahorseHippocampus abdominalis(Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in captivity

The Dynamics of Male Brooding, Mating Patterns, and Sex Roles in Pipefishes and Seahorses (Family Syngnathidae)

Collaborative monitoring of the ornamental trade of seahorses and pipefishes (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in Brazil: Bahia State as a case study

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