Fairer Sex or Fairer System? Gender and Corruption Revisited

Sung, Hung‐En

doi:10.1353/sof.2004.0028

“…In other words, the statistically significant relationships that we find in the gender and corruption literature may simply be picking up the effects of liberal democracy or some other unidentified factor. Indeed, Sung (2003) finds that gender has a smaller effect on corruption once rule of law, democracy and freedom of the press are introduced as control variables. Researchers are right to question if the macro-relationship between gender and corruption is due to spurious correlation and (or) reverse causality, as these problems are ubiquitous in social science.…”

Section: Gender and Corruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Corruption in Business

Breen

¹

,

Gillanders

²

,

McNulty

³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Development Studies

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Are women less corrupt in business? We revisit this question using firm-level data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, which measure firms' experience of corruption and the gender of their owners and top managers. We find that women in positions of influence are associated with less corruption: female-owned businesses pay less in bribes and corruption is seen as less of an obstacle in companies where women are represented in top management. By providing evidence that women are, ethically at least, good for business our research contributes to the literature on development, gender equality, and corruption more generally.JEL Classification: D73, G32, J16, M14

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“…Studies have confirmed that there is a link between higher representation of women in government and lower levels of corruption (Dollar et al, 1999;Goetz, 2004;Sung, 2003). We treat this variable as strictly exogenous.…”

Section: Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the proportionality degree of electoral systems on corruption

Alfano¹,

Baraldi²,

Papagni³

2016

Environ Plann C Gov Policy

1

0

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Erasmo PapagniDipartimento di Economia, Seconda Università di Napoli, C.so Gran Priorato di Malta -81043 Capua (Italy). erasmo.papagni@unina2.it AbstractThis work provides a new way to analyze of the effect of electoral system and corruption: through its degree of proportionality. It seems the correct way to consider them because their proportionality degree varies under the same PR, plurality and mixed system. Results show that those degrees of proportionality which allow both voters' and opponents' monitors to exercise their power, induce politicians to avoid corrupt behaviour. This happens when we increase plurality elements into PR.But it is beneficial only up to certain proportionality degrees, after which the corresponding level of corruption begins to grow. For governors the choice of their proportionality degree becomes, therefore, fundamental.JEL Classification: D72, C23

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“…In reality, although these questions appear to be conceptually similar, they may or may not produce equivalent answers. Sung (2003) raises this issue with regards to the studies by Dollar et al (2001) and Swamy et al (2001), which rely on individual-level findings of female honesty to propose hypotheses about groups. He argues that it is not clear whether extrapolating from individual attitudes to group behavior is valid and that it will provide the same results.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel

Lee

¹

,

Güven

²

2013

Journal of Economic Psychology

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Previous empirical work on corruption has generally been cross-country in nature and focused on utilizing country-level corruption ratings. By using micro-level data for over 20 European countries that directly measure individual characteristics, corruption experiences, gender roles, trust and values to examine the determinants of corruption, this paper goes beyond the search for associations between various macro factors and perceptions of corruption that is prevalent in the economic literature. One focus of the paper is on how cultural norms such as gender roles and risk preferences influence corruption and whether there are gender differences in the determinants of corruption. In addition, this paper also seeks to determine if there are contagion effects in corruption at the micro level. Using a seemingly unrelated probit approach, this paper provides empirical estimates of how past experiences with corruption affects both how bribery is viewed and the actual act of offering a bribe. JEL Classification:K420, O170

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Fairer Sex or Fairer System? Gender and Corruption Revisited

Cited by 186 publications

References 34 publications

Gender and Corruption in Business

Gender and Corruption in Business

Effect of the proportionality degree of electoral systems on corruption

Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel

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