Failures of response modulation: Impulsive behavior in anxious and impulsive individuals

Wallace, John F.; Newman, Joseph P.; Bachorowski, Jo‐Anne

doi:10.1016/0092-6566(91)90003-9

Cited by 171 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although the current findings do not support the notion of an underactive BIS leading to dysfunctional inhibition in ADHD (Quay, 1988), an overactive BIS has been proposed to lead to anxious impulsivity in ADHD (Wallace, Newman & Bachorowski, 1991). A multiple-pathway model for BIS considers (i) anxiety, worry and rumination, and (ii) conflict detection/risk assessment as distinct processes governed by separate neural levels (McNaughton & Corr, 2008).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory in relation to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Tourette-like behaviors in the general population

Heym

Kantini

Checkley

et al. 2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Tourette Syndrome (TS) present as distinct conditions clinically; however, they show comorbidity and inhibitory control deficits have been proposed to underlie both. The role of reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD has been studied previously, but no study has addressed this in relation to TS-like behaviors in the general population. The present study examined these associations within the remit of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). One hundred and thirty-eight participants completed psychometric measures of the rRST, and self-report checklists for ADHD-and TS-like behaviors. The results show that whilst ADHD-inattention was only linked to increased anxiety (BIS), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity was linked to increased impulsivity (BAS-fun seeking), anxiety (BIS) and punishment sensitivity (FFFS), and to reduced reward sensitivity (BAS-reward responsiveness), independently of 'comorbid' TS-like behaviors. TS-related phonic tics were associated with increased BIS and FFFS, and TS-related obsessive-compulsive behaviors (OCBs) with increased goal-orientation (BAS-drive) and reduced impulsivity (BAS-fun seeking). However, these associations were driven by ADHD-like behaviors or OCB cooccurrence, respectively, suggesting little role of the rRST in pure TS-like behaviors. The results are discussed in light of mixed findings in the literature and the importance of distinguishing between multiple processing models of the rRST in distinct disorder phenotypes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory in relation to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Tourette-like behaviors in the general population

Heym

Kantini

Checkley

et al. 2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…We had hypothesized a specific pattern of intercorrelations derived from an extension of one integration of Eysenck's (1967) and Gray's (1981Gray's ( , 1987 theories of personality (Bachorowski & Newman, 1990;Wallace et al, 1991). These predictions were only partially confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Wallace, Bachorowski and Newman (1991;Bachorowski & Newman, 1990) proposed that Gray's theoretical Behavioral Inhibition, Behavioral Activation, and Nonspecific Arousal Systems can be linked to Eysenck's orthogonal personality dimensions of Extraversion and Neuroticism. In this synthesis, the Extraversion dimension was proposed to be a stimulus sensitivity and characteristic response tendency dimension whose neurophysiological underpinnings were the relative strengths of Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation system functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional intensity: Measurement and theoretical implications

Bachorowski

Braaten

1994

Personality and Individual Differences

Self Cite

106

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Summary-Theindividual difference construct of emotional intensity has received substantial theoretical and empirical attention. However, the principal measure used to measure emotional intensity appears to confound frequency with intensity in the response format. We developed the Emotional Intensity Scale (EIS) to make available a measure of emotional intensity independent of frequency. The EIS demonstrated strong internal reliability and temporal stability. Some of the theoretical implications of the correlations that were obtained among positive affect, negative affect, Extraversion, and Neuroticism are described.

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“…Recent work suggests that extraversion and neuroticism may jointly influence affective responding under certain conditions (e.g., Derryberry & Reed, 1994;McFatter, 1994;Wallace, Newman, & Bachorowski, 1991). We therefore conducted preliminary analyses in which extraversion, neuroficism, and their interaction were entered as predictors of affective reports.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between Affect and Personality: Support for the Affect-Level and Affective-Reactivity Views

Gross

Sutton

Ketelaar

1998

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

373

307

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A consensus has emerged that neuroticism is associated with negative affect and extraversion is associated with positive affect. However; it is unclear whether these personality traits are associated with magnitude of affective reactions (Affective-Reactivity view), with levels of tonic affect (Affect-Level view), or with both. To assess these views, affective state was manipulated using film clips, measured at multiple time points, and `related to measures of neuroticism and extraversion (H. J. Esyenck) and dispositional negative affect and positive affect (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen). Results supported both Affective-Reactivity and Affect-Level views, and this support was more robust for neuroticism and extraversion than for dispositional negative affect and positive affect.

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Failures of response modulation: Impulsive behavior in anxious and impulsive individuals

Cited by 171 publications

References 27 publications

Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory in relation to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Tourette-like behaviors in the general population

Gray’s revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory in relation to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity and Tourette-like behaviors in the general population

Emotional intensity: Measurement and theoretical implications

Relations between Affect and Personality: Support for the Affect-Level and Affective-Reactivity Views

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