Failure Rates of Offshore Wind Transmission Systems

Warnock, John; McMillan, David; Pilgrim, James; Shenton, Sally

doi:10.3390/en12142682

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Three typical energy delivery network topologies in the project DTOceanPlus, with the sketches shown in Figures 2-4, are used for this case study. Due to no tailor-made reliability database for marine energy converters, the failure rates of the basic components can be referred to a generic database for electrical components in other industrial applications [13,14] and also should be subject to engineering judgement. The failure rates to be used are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Case Study 41 Network Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability-Based Selection of Electricity Delivery Network in Marine Conversion Systems Using Bayesian Network

Yang¹,

Nielsen²

2021

Energies

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Availability is an economically important metric used to assess the design of marine energy farms. Nowadays, three typical concepts of energy delivery network topologies have been proposed for marine energy conversion systems. Few research works assessing the availability of marine energy conversion systems have been published. Their methodology is only based upon time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations and only covers one maintenance strategy. The objective of this study is to consider different maintenance strategies and quantitatively assess the time-dependent availability of these typical energy delivery network topologies by investigating the working philosophy of these topologies and modelling the logic dependencies of them in a Bayesian network (BN). The working philosophy of each topology is investigated to obtain the logic dependencies of the units in the energy delivery network, by means of qualitative system analysis. A table-like data structure, called hierarchy, is introduced to store the information on the logic dependencies and serves as a basis for establishing the corresponding BN models. A logic gate in the hierarchy can be represented by a conditional probability table in the BN model. The availability of these topologies, as a function of time, can be estimated through the BN models. The optimal topology can be selected, based upon the time-dependent availability.

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Section: Case Study 41 Network Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability-Based Selection of Electricity Delivery Network in Marine Conversion Systems Using Bayesian Network

Yang¹,

Nielsen²

2021

Energies

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“…This voltage is transformed to 155 kV AC and then converted into ±150 kV DC to feed two 125 km sea cables, which continue into two 75 km land cables, transmitting 400 MW power to the land. However, the trade-off between HVAC and HVDC solutions is still complex to determine, as besides losses, questions of reliability and architecture of the offshore grid come into the balance [36,37]. While there is a project for backing HVDC for the Norfolk Vanguard windfarm (UK, 1.8 GW), the longest cable connection in the world for an offshore windfarm has just been installed: the 200 km-long cable is powered under 220 kV HVAC [38].…”

Section: Potentialities For Hvdc and Cable Energy Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges and Opportunities for the Power Transmission Grid of Vietnam

Vu¹,

Teyssèdre²,

Roy³

et al. 2019

EJEE

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As a rapidly developing country, Vietnam will witness a substantial growth in electricity demand in the coming decades. The surging demand will exert a huge pressure on the power transmission grid in the country. Therefore, this paper fully examines the challenges and opportunities for the power transmission grid of Vietnam. Firstly, the historical evolution and the prospected changes were reviewed, in terms of the energy demand, the production capacity, and the split in energy sources. Next, the current constraints on the power transmission grid were identified, which are related to the history and geography of Vietnam. On this basis, the authors expected that coal-fired energy production will increase in the short term, due to the rising energy demand and the limited new hydropower resources. Finally, several suggestions were put forward to improve the power transmission grid in Vietnam, namely, developing renewable energy sources, upgrading HVAC to HVDC lines, introducing MVDC links if conditions permit. The research provides a reference for the future development of the energy sector in Vietnam.

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“…Additionally, separate studies have addressed the explored features of offshore wind power including the impacts of air density fluctuations, transmission systems, electrical topography, etc. [14][15][16]. It was shown that innovative solutions dealing with turbines, such as a lubrication system for hollow roller bearings, can lead to increased energy efficiency and system output [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ensemble Framework to Investigate Wind Energy Sustainability Considering Climate Change Impacts

et al. 2020

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Wind power is a key element for future renewable energy resources and plays a vital role in sustainable development. Global warming and future climate conditions are going to impact many atmospheric, oceanic, and earth systems. In this study, impacts of climate change on wind power resources under future climatic conditions are evaluated for the Persian Gulf to explore the sustainability of this kind of energy for present and future developments. To that end, three regional climate models obtained from coordinated regional downscaling experiment (CRODEX), including daily simulations of near-surface wind speeds for a 20-year period in the present and future, were considered. Prior to computing the wind power at turbine hub-height, historical simulations of CORDEX were evaluated versus ERA-Interim wind outputs to determine the accuracy of the regional climate models. An attempt was made to build an ensemble model from available models by assigning weights to the models based on their merits. Subsequently, the wind power at the turbine hub-height was computed for historical and future periods to detect the impacts of climate change. Some points with a relatively high energy potential were selected as energy hotspots for further investigations. The results revealed that the mean annual wind power over the study area changed remarkably, which is of great importance for sustainable developments. Moreover, the results of the directional investigations showed roughly the same directional distribution for the future period as the past.

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Failure Rates of Offshore Wind Transmission Systems

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Availability-Based Selection of Electricity Delivery Network in Marine Conversion Systems Using Bayesian Network

Availability-Based Selection of Electricity Delivery Network in Marine Conversion Systems Using Bayesian Network

The Challenges and Opportunities for the Power Transmission Grid of Vietnam

An Ensemble Framework to Investigate Wind Energy Sustainability Considering Climate Change Impacts

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