Failure rate, repair time and unscheduled O&amp;M cost analysis of offshore wind turbines

Carroll, J. Douglas; McDonald, Alasdair; McMillan, David

doi:10.1002/we.1887

Cited by 472 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Wind speed data at lower frequencies allow simulations to overlook damaging temperature variations. (2) 7.3x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,IGBT (3) 5.9x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,IGBT (4) 2.5x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,IGBT (5) 0.37x10 -3 K/W -C th,c,IGBT (1) 0.55 Ws/K -C th,c,IGBT (2) 3.61 Ws/K -C th,c,IGBT (3) 35.90 Ws/K -C h,c,IGBT (4) 476.61 Ws/K -C h,c,IGBT (5) 4.81x10 3 Ws/K -R th,c,diode (1) 2.8x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,diode (2) 10.2x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,diode (3) 10.5x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,diode (4) 11.9x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,diode (5) 8.6x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,diode (6) 0.94x10 -3 K/W -C th,c,diode (1) 0.773 Ws/K -C th,c,diode (2) 1.45 Ws/K -C th,c,diode (3) 4.90 Ws/K -C th,c,diode (4) 36.07 Ws/K -C th,c,diode (5) 577.76 Ws/K -C th,c,diode (6) 1.60x10 4 Ws/K -R th,c,h (1) 0.79x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,h (2) 3.1x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,h (3) 4.3x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,h (4) 0.88x10 -3 K/W -R th,c,h (5) 0.14x10 -3 K/W -C th,c,h (1) 337.28 Ws/K -C th,c,h (2) 409.76 Ws/K -C th,c,h (3) 1.37x10 3 Ws/K -C h,c,h (4) 1.91x10 4 Ws/K -C h,c,h (5) 1.30x10 4 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Smith¹,

Crabtree²,

Matthews³

2016

8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016)

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Power converter reliability is critical for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines. Converter failures are linked to power module thermal loading but studies often neglect turbine dynamics, control and the impact of wind speed sampling rate on lifetime estimation. This paper addresses this using a 2MW direct-drive PMSG wind turbine model with a 2-level converter, and simulating junction temperatures (T j ) using a power module thermal equivalent circuit under various synthetic wind speed conditions. These synthetic wind conditions include constant and square wave profiles representing stable and gusty wind conditions. Responses to square wave wind speeds showed that the lower the gust frequency, the higher ∆T j becomes, demonstrating that low turbulence sites have greater thermal variation in the converter. In contrast, wind speed variations with frequencies greater than 0.25Hz deliver only small increases in ∆T j . It is concluded that reasonable approximations of T j profiles can be made with 0.25Hz wind speed data, but that lower data rate wind measurements miss essential, damaging characteristics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Smith¹,

Crabtree²,

Matthews³

2016

8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The publication includes an average repair time instead of the commonly used MDT. Thus only failure rates can be compared [52]. Further publications [53,54] of Carroll et al also make use of the described data source and furthermore include results on onshore WT.…”

Section: Muppandal Wind Farm (India)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Reliability of Wind Turbines: A Review

2017

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Performance (availability and yield) and reliability of wind turbines can make the difference between success and failure of wind farm projects and these factors are vital to decrease the cost of energy. During the last years, several initiatives started to gather data on the performance and reliability of wind turbines on-and offshore and published findings in different journals and conferences. Even though the scopes of the different initiatives are similar, every initiative follows a different approach and results are therefore difficult to compare. The present paper faces this issue, collects results of different initiatives and harmonizes the results. A short description and assessment of every considered data source is provided. To enable this comparison, the existing reliability characteristics are mapped to a system structure according to the Reference Designation System for Power Plants (RDS-PP R ). The review shows a wide variation in the performance and reliability metrics of the individual initiatives. Especially the comparison on onshore wind turbines reveals significant differences between the results. Only a few publications are available on offshore wind turbines and the results show an increasing performance and reliability of offshore wind turbines since the first offshore wind farms were erected and monitored.

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“…The drive train, including gearbox and bearings, is among the top three contributors to failure rates and downtime of WTs, together with induction generators [17]. Early detection of gear, bearing and generator faults is therefore crucial if predictive maintenance is to be implemented in order to lower corrective and preventive actions [18].…”

Section: Fault Diagnosis Techniques For Drive Trains and Induction Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Signature and Vibration Analyses to Diagnose an In-Service Wind Turbine Drive Train

Artigao

Koukoura

Carroll³

et al. 2018

Energies

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Abstract:The goal of the present paper is to achieve the diagnosis of an in-service 1.5 MW wind turbine equipped with a doubly-fed induction generator through current signature and vibration analyses. Real data from operating machines have rarely been analysed in the scientific literature through current signature analysis supported by vibrations. The wind turbine under study was originally misdiagnosed by the operator, where a healthy component was replaced and the actual failure continued progressing. The chronological evolution of both the electrical current and vibration spectra is presented to conduct an in-depth tracking of the fault. The diagnosis is achieved through spectral analysis of the stator currents, where fault frequency components related to rotor mechanical unbalance are identified. This is confirmed by the vibration analysis, which provides insightful information on the health of the drive train. These results can be implemented in condition monitoring strategies, which is of great interest to optimise operation and maintenance costs of wind farms.

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Failure rate, repair time and unscheduled O&M cost analysis of offshore wind turbines

Cited by 472 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Impact of wind conditions on thermal loading of PMSG wind turbine power converters

Performance and Reliability of Wind Turbines: A Review

Current Signature and Vibration Analyses to Diagnose an In-Service Wind Turbine Drive Train

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