Failure of trivalent chromium to improve hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus

Sherman, Lawrence; Glennon, Joseph A.; Brech, W. J.; Klomberg, G.H.; Gordon, Edgar S.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(68)90066-8

Cited by 91 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similarly, in gestational diabetes, 8 g ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ day Ϫ1 of chromium was more effective than 4 g ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ day Ϫ1 (396). In contrast, two welldesigned studies in the U.S. (398,399) and two in Finland (400,401) failed to demonstrate any significant benefit of chromium supplementation in patients with diabetes. The latter studies used chromium chloride, which may not be as bioavailable as chromium picolinate.…”

Section: Antioxidants and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications

et al. 2002

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Section: Antioxidants and Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications

et al. 2002

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“…22 Cefalu et al (2010) 23 Chen et al (2014) 24 Crawford et al (1999) 25 Evans (1989) 26 Ghosh et al (2002) 27 Gunton et al (2005) 28 Grant and McMullen. (1982) 29 Grant et al (1997) 30 Hermann et al (1998) 31 Hermann et al (1994) 32 Jain et al (2012) 40 Lee and Reasner (1994) 41 Li et al (1992) 42 Li (1994) 43 45 Martinez et al (1985) 46 Mossop (1983) 47 Offenbacher and Pi-Sunyer (1980) 48 Offenbacher et al (1985) 49 Pasman et al (1997) 50 Pei et al (2006) 51 Rabinovitz et al (1983) 52 Rabinovitz et al (2004) 53 Racek et al (2006) 54 Riales et al (1981) 55 Singer and Geohas (2006) 56 Sharma et al (2011) 57 Sherman et al (1968) 58 Thomas and Gropper (1996) 59 Urberg and Zemel (1987) 60 …”

Section: Studies Measuring Hba1cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

2016

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Some adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) believe that chromium-containing supplements will help control their disease, but the evidence is mixed. This narrative review examines the efficacy of chromium supplements for improving glycemic control as measured by decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Using systematic search criteria, 20 randomized controlled trials of chromium supplementation in T2DM patients were identified. Clinically meaningful treatment goals were defined as an FPG of 7.2 mmol/dL, a decline in HbA1c to 7%, or a decrease of 0.5% in HbA1c. In only a few randomized controlled trials did FPG (5 of 20), HbA1c (3 of 14), or both (1 of 14) reach the treatment goals with chromium supplementation. HbA1c declined by 0.5% in 5 of 14 studies. On the basis of the low strength of existing evidence, chromium supplements have limited effectiveness, and there is little rationale to recommend their use for glycemic control in patients with existing T2DM. Future meta-analyses should include only high-quality studies with similar forms of chromium and comparable inclusion/exclusion criteria to provide scientifically sound recommendations for clinicians.

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“…We retrieved 96 articles, of which 41 met eligibility criteria (online appendix Fig. 1 (18 -27), chromium chloride (50 -600 g/day, 15 studies) (21,22,24,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), chromium nicotinate (200 -800 g/day, 5 studies) (39 -43), and chromium picolinate (60 -1,000 g/day, 15 studies) (39,44 -57). One study did not describe the chromium formulation (400 g/day) (58).…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study did not describe the chromium formulation (400 g/day) (58). Almost all study participants with diabetes had type 2, although in three studies this was unclear (22,29,31). No study included only patients with type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Study Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

Tatsioni²,

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A literature search was conducted in MED-LINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake Ն3 weeks, with Ն10 participants receiving chromium. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate.RESULTS -Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by Ϫ0.6% (95% CI Ϫ0.9 to Ϫ0.2) and fasting glucose by Ϫ1.0 mmol/l (Ϫ1.4 to Ϫ0.5) but not lipids. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status.CONCLUSIONS -No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation. Diabetes Care 30:2154-2163, 2007C hromium is an essential mineral that is thought to be necessary for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis (1-3). Trivalent chromium in a complex known as glucose tolerance factor is considered the biologically active form. It was originally discovered in brewer's yeast (4). Chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate are commonly used formulations of trivalent chromium. Chromium picolinate is a formulation designed to improve absorption (5). Severe chromium deficiency is known to cause reversible insulin resistance and diabetes (6 -8). However, the effect of chromium supplementation in individuals who are not severely chromium deficient is unclear. Manufacturers aggressively promote the benefits of chromium in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its associated conditions (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease), and the public has embraced its use. Chromium supplement sales represent ϳ6% of the U.S. mineral supplement market (9).To clarify the role of chromium supplementation in the prevention and management of abnormal glucose and lipid homeostasis, we performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of chromium supplement intake on glucose metabolism and lipid profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Literature search and eligibility criteriaWe conducted a systematic review of the English-language literature on the effects of chromium supplementa...

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Failure of trivalent chromium to improve hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus

Cited by 91 publications

References 11 publications

Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications

Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids

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