Failure of the lead sheathing of electric cables

Abstract

I t has been the practice for many years to sheath electric cables with lead as a waterproof covering, to maintain the insulation. In .\ugust; I 908, 'I'he nqueou:, e1tr:ict \vas quite neutral to litmus.

Microstructural Mechanisms of the Acoustoplastic Effect in Crystals

“…The acoustoplastic effect appears as an acceleration of creep [1] or as a decrease in flow stress during active deformation [2] when an oscillatory component is superimposed on a static mechanical load. The decrease 'V in flow stress is caused by an additional plastic strain 'H p of a specimen, and 'V v 'H p in the approximation of the elastic unloading.…”

Investigation of Defect Dynamics in Al-Si-Mg Polycrystals by Simultaneous Measurements of Internal Friction and Acoustoplastic Effect

“…It is known that the high-amplitude mechanical oscillations during such in situ measurements can affect the deformation process causing the so-called acoustoplastic effect (APE). The APE was initially detected as acceleration of creep [3] or as decrease in flow stress during active deformation [4] when an oscillatory component was superimposed on a static mechanical load. The APE originates from additional irreversible plastic strain in contrast to the strain amplitude-dependent internal friction (ADIF), which is due to reversible anelastic strain.…”

Softening and hardening of ECAP nickel under ultrasonic treatment

“…Interaction of ultrasound waves with grain boundaries, dislocations, and with other crystal lattice defects can lead to changes in their structure and arrangements that determines the microstructure, affects mechanical properties of materials and results in a number of interesting effects [1, 2,5]. Well-known consequences of UST are the Blaha-Langenecker effect [8], or the yield or flow stress reduction during constantstrain rate experiments, and the Archbutt effect [9], or the strain rate increase during creep experiments in the presence of a superimposed oscillating stress. These softening effects of ultrasound are commonly referred to as acoustoplastic effect.…”