Failure of HIV-1 to Infect Human Oocytes Directly

Baccetti, Baccio; Benedetto, A.; Collodel, Giulia; Crisà, N.; Di, Antonino; Garbuglia, A. R.; Piomboni, Paola

doi:10.1097/00126334-199908150-00001

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Speculation has been raised that the source of the genetic material transferred to the oocyte in this type of experiment could be free‐floating virus in the IVF medium, or merely virus passively attached to sperm (36), not virus that has been internalized by the sperm (and possibly integrated within the spermatozoon genome). This explanation seems unlikely, however, as the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes is surrounded by a highly impenetrable acellular coat, the zona pellucida (38, 39); hence, the usual practice for generating transgenics with lentiviral vectors is by direct microinjection (pre‐ or postfertilization) under the zona pellucida, into the perivitelline space (17, 20, 38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient generation of transgenic mice by lentivirus‐mediated modification of spermatozoa

Chandrashekran¹,

Sarkar²,

Thrasher

et al. 2013

FASEB j.

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Transgenic technologies conventionally rely on the oocyte as a substrate for genetic modification. Owing to their accessibility, however, male germ cells, including mature sperm, have material advantages for use in transgenesis. Here we have exploited lentiviruses to generate transgenic animals via the male germline. When pseudotyped lentiviral vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were incubated with mouse spermatozoa, these sperm were highly successful in producing transgenics. Lentivirally transduced mouse spermatozoa were used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) studies, and when followed by embryo transfer, ≥ 42% of founders were found to be transgenic for GFP. Inverse PCR strategy for integration site analysis demonstrated integration of at least 1 or 2 copies of GFP in the transgenics, mapping to different chromosomes. GFP expression was detected in a wide range of murine tissues, including testis and the transgene was stably transmitted to a third generation of transgenic animals. This relatively simple, yet highly efficient, technique for generating transgenic animals by transducing spermatozoa with lentiviral vectors in vitro is a powerful tool for the study of fertilization/preimplantation development, vertical viral gene transmission, gene function and regulation, and epigenetic inheritance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient generation of transgenic mice by lentivirus‐mediated modification of spermatozoa

Chandrashekran¹,

Sarkar²,

Thrasher

et al. 2013

FASEB j.

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“…[39] exposed 100 unfertilized human oocytes to infective HIV-1 virus for 24 h. After washing with PBS, all exposed oocytes were negative (0/100; 95% CI = 0 to 3.6%) for HIV-1 by PCR and immunoelectron microscopy. The authors concluded that oocytes derived from HIV-positive women were free of the virus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of introduction of equine infectious anemia virus into USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada

et al. 2012

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Deriving horse oocytes in the USA is hampered by the lack of abattoirs processing horse carcasses which could provide abundant quantities of ovaries from slaughtered mares. Therefore, several cloning industries in the USA are attempting to import cloned horse embryos from Canada. Like any agricultural commodity, cloned embryos pose a risk of introduction of exotic animal diseases into the importing country. Under such circumstances, risk assessment could provide an objective, transparent, and internationally accepted means for evaluating the risk. This quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was initiated to determine the risk of introduction of Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) into USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada. In assessing the risk, a structured knowledge base regarding cloning in relation to EIA was first developed. Based on the knowledge base, a scenario tree was developed to determine conditions (with mathematical probabilities) that could lead to the introduction and maintenance of EIAV along the cloning pathway. Parameters for the occurrence of the event at each node were estimated using published literature. Using @RISK software and setting Monte Carlo simulation at 50 000 iterations, the probability of importing an EIAV-infected cloned horse embryo was 1.8×10−9 (R = 1.5×10−12 to 2.9×10−8). Taking into account the current protocol for equine cloning and assuming the yield of 5 to 30 clones per year, the possible number of EIAV-infected cloned horse embryos ranged from 2.0×10−10 to 9.1×10−5 (Mean = 1.4×10−6) per year. Consequently, it would take up to 1.5×107 (R = 1.6×104 to 5.1×1010) years for EIAV to be introduced into the USA. Based on the knowledge base and our critical pathway analysis, the biological plausibility of introducing EIAV into USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada is extremely low.

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“…The need for sperm donors to be screened and for sperm to be frozen and placed in quarantine for a period of 6 months, after which the sperm is used in AID only if a new test carried out on the donor is negative, has been stressed in national (American Fertility Society, 1988; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1988b;Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 1991;Barratt et al, 1993) and in European (Barratt et al, 1998) recommendations. Oocyte capability to carry viral particles is less clear (Baccetti et al, 1994(Baccetti et al, , 1999 and there are no reports of transmission of hepatitis or HIV during oocyte donation procedures. Even if there are fewer trials than for AID, recommendations and attitudes regarding quarantine in oocyte donation are less strict (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 1991; Barratt et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medically assisted reproduction in the presence of chronic viral diseases

Englert

Lesage²,

Vooren³

et al. 2004

Human Reproduction Update

109

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Teams practising medically assisted reproduction techniques try to avoid viruses as much as possible. Attitudes towards chronic carriers of viruses are rapidly changing, especially for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. We focus our attention on the legitimacy of systematic screening before assisted reproductive techniques and the need for specialized approaches including an adapted laboratory for viral hazards as well as the need for a multidisciplinary team. Specificities of HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and the hypothesis of a reduced fertility potential are discussed. Are male HIV carriers a new indication for assisted reproductive techniques in order to prevent virus transmission? It is largely proven that sperm gradient preparation techniques efficiently decrease viral loads and therefore have a protective effect on contamination risk during assisted reproductive techniques. Although a few thousand assisted reproductive technique cycles were performed in the world for this indication without contamination, it is still too early to demonstrate that this technology is fully safe. Two examples of contaminations during insemination are examined. Many questions remain unresolved, such as the lack of standardized techniques for semen preparation or virus detection or the relative merits of intrauterine insemination or ICSI to prevent HIV contamination during assisted reproductive techniques. The authors plead for well-structured, separate programmes of care linked to research objectives.

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Failure of HIV-1 to Infect Human Oocytes Directly

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Efficient generation of transgenic mice by lentivirus‐mediated modification of spermatozoa

Efficient generation of transgenic mice by lentivirus‐mediated modification of spermatozoa

The risk of introduction of equine infectious anemia virus into USA via cloned horse embryos imported from Canada

Medically assisted reproduction in the presence of chronic viral diseases

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